article published yes Barbora Trubenova author 42302D54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000-0002-6873-2967 Reinmar Hager author NiBa department Rate of Adaptation in Changing Environment project The green‐beard effect is one proposed mechanism predicted to underpin the evolu‐tion of altruistic behavior. It relies on the recognition and the selective help of altruists to each other in order to promote and sustain altruistic behavior. However, this mechanism has often been dismissed as unlikely or uncommon, as it is assumed that both the signaling trait and altruistic trait need to be encoded by the same gene or through tightly linked genes. Here, we use models of indirect genetic effects (IGEs) to find the minimum correlation between the signaling and altruistic trait required for the evolution of the latter. We show that this correlation threshold depends on the strength of the interaction (influence of the green beard on the expression of the altruistic trait), as well as the costs and benefits of the altruistic behavior. We further show that this correlation does not necessarily have to be high and support our analytical results by simulations. https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/6795/6799/2019_EcologyEvolution_Trubenova.pdf application/pdfno Wiley2019 eng 2045-7758 00047997340000110.1002/ece3.5484 9179597-9608 Trubenova, Barbora, and Reinmar Hager. “Green Beards in the Light of Indirect Genetic Effects.” <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 9, no. 17, Wiley, 2019, pp. 9597–608, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484">10.1002/ece3.5484</a>. Trubenova, B., &#38; Hager, R. (2019). Green beards in the light of indirect genetic effects. <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484</a> Trubenova, Barbora, and Reinmar Hager. “Green Beards in the Light of Indirect Genetic Effects.” <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. Wiley, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484</a>. Trubenova B, Hager R. 2019. Green beards in the light of indirect genetic effects. Ecology and Evolution. 9(17), 9597–9608. Trubenova B, Hager R. Green beards in the light of indirect genetic effects. <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. 2019;9(17):9597-9608. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484">10.1002/ece3.5484</a> B. Trubenova and R. Hager, “Green beards in the light of indirect genetic effects,” <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 9, no. 17. Wiley, pp. 9597–9608, 2019. B. Trubenova, R. Hager, Ecology and Evolution 9 (2019) 9597–9608. 67952019-08-11T21:59:24Z2026-04-03T09:50:31Z