{"publisher":"Springer Nature","title":"SpaceMint: A cryptocurrency based on proofs of space","intvolume":"     10957","publication_status":"published","ec_funded":1,"isi":1,"date_updated":"2023-09-19T15:02:13Z","abstract":[{"text":"Bitcoin has become the most successful cryptocurrency ever deployed, and its most distinctive feature is that it is decentralized. Its underlying protocol (Nakamoto consensus) achieves this by using proof of work, which has the drawback that it causes the consumption of vast amounts of energy to maintain the ledger. Moreover, Bitcoin mining dynamics have become less distributed over time.\r\n\r\nTowards addressing these issues, we propose SpaceMint, a cryptocurrency based on proofs of space instead of proofs of work. Miners in SpaceMint dedicate disk space rather than computation. We argue that SpaceMint’s design solves or alleviates several of Bitcoin’s issues: most notably, its large energy consumption. SpaceMint also rewards smaller miners fairly according to their contribution to the network, thus incentivizing more distributed participation.\r\n\r\nThis paper adapts proof of space to enable its use in cryptocurrency, studies the attacks that can arise against a Bitcoin-like blockchain that uses proof of space, and proposes a new blockchain format and transaction types to address these attacks. Our prototype shows that initializing 1 TB for mining takes about a day (a one-off setup cost), and miners spend on average just a fraction of a second per block mined. Finally, we provide a game-theoretic analysis modeling SpaceMint as an extensive game (the canonical game-theoretic notion for games that take place over time) and show that this stylized game satisfies a strong equilibrium notion, thereby arguing for SpaceMint ’s stability and consensus.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","conference":{"location":"Nieuwpoort, Curacao","name":"FC: Financial Cryptography and Data Security","start_date":"2018-02-26","end_date":"2018-03-02"},"date_created":"2019-10-14T06:35:38Z","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2018-12-07T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000540656400026"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/528","open_access":"1"}],"year":"2018","oa_version":"Submitted Version","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1611-3349"],"issn":["0302-9743"],"isbn":["9783662583869","9783662583876"]},"month":"12","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_26","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"07","author":[{"first_name":"Sunoo","full_name":"Park, Sunoo","last_name":"Park"},{"last_name":"Kwon","first_name":"Albert","full_name":"Kwon, Albert"},{"last_name":"Fuchsbauer","id":"46B4C3EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georg","full_name":"Fuchsbauer, Georg"},{"id":"3E0BFE38-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Gazi","full_name":"Gazi, Peter","first_name":"Peter"},{"last_name":"Alwen","id":"2A8DFA8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Joel F","full_name":"Alwen, Joel F"},{"id":"3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-9139-1654","last_name":"Pietrzak","full_name":"Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z","first_name":"Krzysztof Z"}],"_id":"6941","oa":1,"scopus_import":"1","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"volume":10957,"publication":"22nd International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security","project":[{"grant_number":"682815","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Teaching Old Crypto New Tricks","_id":"258AA5B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"page":"480-499","citation":{"ieee":"S. Park, A. Kwon, G. Fuchsbauer, P. Gazi, J. F. Alwen, and K. Z. Pietrzak, “SpaceMint: A cryptocurrency based on proofs of space,” in <i>22nd International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, Nieuwpoort, Curacao, 2018, vol. 10957, pp. 480–499.","mla":"Park, Sunoo, et al. “SpaceMint: A Cryptocurrency Based on Proofs of Space.” <i>22nd International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, vol. 10957, Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 480–99, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_26\">10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_26</a>.","ista":"Park S, Kwon A, Fuchsbauer G, Gazi P, Alwen JF, Pietrzak KZ. 2018. SpaceMint: A cryptocurrency based on proofs of space. 22nd International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. FC: Financial Cryptography and Data Security, LNCS, vol. 10957, 480–499.","ama":"Park S, Kwon A, Fuchsbauer G, Gazi P, Alwen JF, Pietrzak KZ. SpaceMint: A cryptocurrency based on proofs of space. In: <i>22nd International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>. Vol 10957. Springer Nature; 2018:480-499. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_26\">10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_26</a>","apa":"Park, S., Kwon, A., Fuchsbauer, G., Gazi, P., Alwen, J. F., &#38; Pietrzak, K. Z. (2018). SpaceMint: A cryptocurrency based on proofs of space. In <i>22nd International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i> (Vol. 10957, pp. 480–499). Nieuwpoort, Curacao: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_26\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_26</a>","chicago":"Park, Sunoo, Albert Kwon, Georg Fuchsbauer, Peter Gazi, Joel F Alwen, and Krzysztof Z Pietrzak. “SpaceMint: A Cryptocurrency Based on Proofs of Space.” In <i>22nd International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, 10957:480–99. Springer Nature, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_26\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_26</a>.","short":"S. Park, A. Kwon, G. Fuchsbauer, P. Gazi, J.F. Alwen, K.Z. Pietrzak, in:, 22nd International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 480–499."},"status":"public","type":"conference","department":[{"_id":"KrPi"}]}