---
_id: '7280'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries cycle by forming lithium peroxide during
    discharge and oxidizing it during recharge. The significant problem of oxidizing
    the solid insulating lithium peroxide can greatly be facilitated by incorporating
    redox mediators that shuttle electron-holes between the porous substrate and lithium
    peroxide. Redox mediator stability is thus key for energy efficiency, reversibility,
    and cycle life. However, the gradual deactivation of redox mediators during repeated
    cycling has not conclusively been explained. Here, we show that organic redox
    mediators are predominantly decomposed by singlet oxygen that forms during cycling.
    Their reaction with superoxide, previously assumed to mainly trigger their degradation,
    peroxide, and dioxygen, is orders of magnitude slower in comparison. The reduced
    form of the mediator is markedly more reactive towards singlet oxygen than the
    oxidized form, from which we derive reaction mechanisms supported by density functional
    theory calculations. Redox mediators must thus be designed for stability against
    singlet oxygen.
article_number: '1380'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Won-Jin
  full_name: Kwak, Won-Jin
  last_name: Kwak
- first_name: Hun
  full_name: Kim, Hun
  last_name: Kim
- first_name: Yann K.
  full_name: Petit, Yann K.
  last_name: Petit
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Leypold, Christian
  last_name: Leypold
- first_name: Trung Thien
  full_name: Nguyen, Trung Thien
  last_name: Nguyen
- first_name: Nika
  full_name: Mahne, Nika
  last_name: Mahne
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Redfern, Paul
  last_name: Redfern
- first_name: Larry A.
  full_name: Curtiss, Larry A.
  last_name: Curtiss
- first_name: Hun-Gi
  full_name: Jung, Hun-Gi
  last_name: Jung
- first_name: Sergey M.
  full_name: Borisov, Sergey M.
  last_name: Borisov
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Yang-Kook
  full_name: Sun, Yang-Kook
  last_name: Sun
citation:
  ama: Kwak W-J, Kim H, Petit YK, et al. Deactivation of redox mediators in lithium-oxygen
    batteries by singlet oxygen. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2019;10. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0">10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0</a>
  apa: Kwak, W.-J., Kim, H., Petit, Y. K., Leypold, C., Nguyen, T. T., Mahne, N.,
    … Sun, Y.-K. (2019). Deactivation of redox mediators in lithium-oxygen batteries
    by singlet oxygen. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0</a>
  chicago: Kwak, Won-Jin, Hun Kim, Yann K. Petit, Christian Leypold, Trung Thien Nguyen,
    Nika Mahne, Paul Redfern, et al. “Deactivation of Redox Mediators in Lithium-Oxygen
    Batteries by Singlet Oxygen.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2019.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0</a>.
  ieee: W.-J. Kwak <i>et al.</i>, “Deactivation of redox mediators in lithium-oxygen
    batteries by singlet oxygen,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 10. Springer
    Nature, 2019.
  ista: Kwak W-J, Kim H, Petit YK, Leypold C, Nguyen TT, Mahne N, Redfern P, Curtiss
    LA, Jung H-G, Borisov SM, Freunberger SA, Sun Y-K. 2019. Deactivation of redox
    mediators in lithium-oxygen batteries by singlet oxygen. Nature Communications.
    10, 1380.
  mla: Kwak, Won-Jin, et al. “Deactivation of Redox Mediators in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries
    by Singlet Oxygen.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 10, 1380, Springer Nature,
    2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0">10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0</a>.
  short: W.-J. Kwak, H. Kim, Y.K. Petit, C. Leypold, T.T. Nguyen, N. Mahne, P. Redfern,
    L.A. Curtiss, H.-G. Jung, S.M. Borisov, S.A. Freunberger, Y.-K. Sun, Nature Communications
    10 (2019).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:12:26Z
date_published: 2019-03-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:44Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '540'
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0
extern: '1'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 123dd33e7f26761c82c74e10811a1e4d
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-01-22T15:58:54Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
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  file_name: 2019_NatureComm_Kwak.pdf
  file_size: 1003676
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        10'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Deactivation of redox mediators in lithium-oxygen batteries by singlet oxygen
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 10
year: '2019'
...