---
_id: '7308'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Carbon has been used widely as the basis of porous cathodes for nonaqueous
    Li–O2 cells. However, the stability of carbon and the effect of carbon on electrolyte
    decomposition in such cells are complex and depend on the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity
    of the carbon surface. Analyzing carbon cathodes, cycled in Li–O2 cells between
    2 and 4 V, using acid treatment and Fenton’s reagent, and combined with differential
    electrochemical mass spectrometry and FTIR, demonstrates the following: Carbon
    is relatively stable below 3.5 V (vs Li/Li+) on discharge or charge, especially
    so for hydrophobic carbon, but is unstable on charging above 3.5 V (in the presence
    of Li2O2), oxidatively decomposing to form Li2CO3. Direct chemical reaction with
    Li2O2 accounts for only a small proportion of the total carbon decomposition on
    cycling. Carbon promotes electrolyte decomposition during discharge and charge
    in a Li–O2 cell, giving rise to Li2CO3 and Li carboxylates (DMSO and tetraglyme
    electrolytes). The Li2CO3 and Li carboxylates present at the end of discharge
    and those that form on charge result in polarization on the subsequent charge.
    Li2CO3 (derived from carbon and from the electrolyte) as well as the Li carboxylates
    (derived from the electrolyte) decompose and form on charging. Oxidation of Li2CO3
    on charging to ∼4 V is incomplete; Li2CO3 accumulates on cycling resulting in
    electrode passivation and capacity fading. Hydrophilic carbon is less stable and
    more catalytically active toward electrolyte decomposition than carbon with a
    hydrophobic surface. If the Li–O2 cell could be charged at or below 3.5 V, then
    carbon may be relatively stable, however, its ability to promote electrolyte decomposition,
    presenting problems for its use in a practical Li–O2 battery. The results emphasize
    that stable cycling of Li2O2 at the cathode in a Li–O2 cell depends on the synergy
    between electrolyte and electrode; the stability of the electrode and the electrolyte
    cannot be considered in isolation.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Muhammed M.
  full_name: Ottakam Thotiyl, Muhammed M.
  last_name: Ottakam Thotiyl
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Zhangquan
  full_name: Peng, Zhangquan
  last_name: Peng
- first_name: Peter G.
  full_name: Bruce, Peter G.
  last_name: Bruce
citation:
  ama: Ottakam Thotiyl MM, Freunberger SA, Peng Z, Bruce PG. The carbon electrode
    in nonaqueous Li–O2 cells. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. 2012;135(1):494-500.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja310258x">10.1021/ja310258x</a>
  apa: Ottakam Thotiyl, M. M., Freunberger, S. A., Peng, Z., &#38; Bruce, P. G. (2012).
    The carbon electrode in nonaqueous Li–O2 cells. <i>Journal of the American Chemical
    Society</i>. ACS. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja310258x">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja310258x</a>
  chicago: Ottakam Thotiyl, Muhammed M., Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Zhangquan Peng,
    and Peter G. Bruce. “The Carbon Electrode in Nonaqueous Li–O2 Cells.” <i>Journal
    of the American Chemical Society</i>. ACS, 2012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja310258x">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja310258x</a>.
  ieee: M. M. Ottakam Thotiyl, S. A. Freunberger, Z. Peng, and P. G. Bruce, “The carbon
    electrode in nonaqueous Li–O2 cells,” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>,
    vol. 135, no. 1. ACS, pp. 494–500, 2012.
  ista: Ottakam Thotiyl MM, Freunberger SA, Peng Z, Bruce PG. 2012. The carbon electrode
    in nonaqueous Li–O2 cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135(1), 494–500.
  mla: Ottakam Thotiyl, Muhammed M., et al. “The Carbon Electrode in Nonaqueous Li–O2
    Cells.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 135, no. 1, ACS,
    2012, pp. 494–500, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja310258x">10.1021/ja310258x</a>.
  short: M.M. Ottakam Thotiyl, S.A. Freunberger, Z. Peng, P.G. Bruce, Journal of the
    American Chemical Society 135 (2012) 494–500.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:18:57Z
date_published: 2012-11-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:56Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1021/ja310258x
extern: '1'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja310258x
intvolume: '       135'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 494-500
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0002-7863
  - 1520-5126
publication_status: published
publisher: ACS
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The carbon electrode in nonaqueous Li–O2 cells
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 135
year: '2012'
...