article published yes Matthew Richard Robinson author E5D42276-F5DA-11E9-8E24-6303E66974250000-0001-8982-8813 Gibran Hemani author Carolina Medina-Gomez author Massimo Mezzavilla author Tonu Esko author Konstantin Shakhbazov author Joseph E Powell author Anna Vinkhuyzen author Sonja I Berndt author Stefan Gustafsson author Anne E Justice author Bratati Kahali author Adam E Locke author Tune H Pers author Sailaja Vedantam author Andrew R Wood author Wouter van Rheenen author Ole A Andreassen author Paolo Gasparini author Andres Metspalu author Leonard H van den Berg author Jan H Veldink author Fernando Rivadeneira author Thomas M Werge author Goncalo R Abecasis author Dorret I Boomsma author Daniel I Chasman author Eco J C de Geus author Timothy M Frayling author Joel N Hirschhorn author Jouke Jan Hottenga author Erik Ingelsson author Ruth J F Loos author Patrik K E Magnusson author Nicholas G Martin author Grant W Montgomery author Kari E North author Nancy L Pedersen author Timothy D Spector author Elizabeth K Speliotes author Michael E Goddard author Jian Yang author Peter M Visscher author Across-nation differences in the mean values for complex traits are common1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, but the reasons for these differences are unknown. Here we find that many independent loci contribute to population genetic differences in height and body mass index (BMI) in 9,416 individuals across 14 European countries. Using discovery data on over 250,000 individuals and unbiased effect size estimates from 17,500 sibling pairs, we estimate that 24% (95% credible interval (CI) = 9%, 41%) and 8% (95% CI = 4%, 16%) of the captured additive genetic variance for height and BMI, respectively, reflect population genetic differences. Population genetic divergence differed significantly from that in a null model (height, P < 3.94 × 10−8; BMI, P < 5.95 × 10−4), and we find an among-population genetic correlation for tall and slender individuals (r = −0.80, 95% CI = −0.95, −0.60), consistent with correlated selection for both phenotypes. Observed differences in height among populations reflected the predicted genetic means (r = 0.51; P < 0.001), but environmental differences across Europe masked genetic differentiation for BMI (P < 0.58). Springer Nature2015 eng 1061-4036 1546-171810.1038/ng.3401 47111357-1362 yes Robinson, M. R., Hemani, G., Medina-Gomez, C., Mezzavilla, M., Esko, T., Shakhbazov, K., … Visscher, P. M. (2015). Population genetic differentiation of height and body mass index across Europe. <i>Nature Genetics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3401">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3401</a> Robinson, Matthew Richard, et al. “Population Genetic Differentiation of Height and Body Mass Index across Europe.” <i>Nature Genetics</i>, vol. 47, no. 11, Springer Nature, 2015, pp. 1357–62, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3401">10.1038/ng.3401</a>. M.R. Robinson, G. Hemani, C. Medina-Gomez, M. Mezzavilla, T. Esko, K. Shakhbazov, J.E. Powell, A. Vinkhuyzen, S.I. Berndt, S. Gustafsson, A.E. Justice, B. Kahali, A.E. Locke, T.H. Pers, S. Vedantam, A.R. Wood, W. van Rheenen, O.A. Andreassen, P. Gasparini, A. Metspalu, L.H. van den Berg, J.H. Veldink, F. Rivadeneira, T.M. Werge, G.R. Abecasis, D.I. Boomsma, D.I. Chasman, E.J.C. de Geus, T.M. Frayling, J.N. Hirschhorn, J.J. Hottenga, E. Ingelsson, R.J.F. Loos, P.K.E. Magnusson, N.G. Martin, G.W. Montgomery, K.E. North, N.L. Pedersen, T.D. Spector, E.K. Speliotes, M.E. Goddard, J. Yang, P.M. Visscher, Nature Genetics 47 (2015) 1357–1362. Robinson, Matthew Richard, Gibran Hemani, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Massimo Mezzavilla, Tonu Esko, Konstantin Shakhbazov, Joseph E Powell, et al. “Population Genetic Differentiation of Height and Body Mass Index across Europe.” <i>Nature Genetics</i>. Springer Nature, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3401">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3401</a>. Robinson MR, Hemani G, Medina-Gomez C, Mezzavilla M, Esko T, Shakhbazov K, Powell JE, Vinkhuyzen A, Berndt SI, Gustafsson S, Justice AE, Kahali B, Locke AE, Pers TH, Vedantam S, Wood AR, van Rheenen W, Andreassen OA, Gasparini P, Metspalu A, Berg LH van den, Veldink JH, Rivadeneira F, Werge TM, Abecasis GR, Boomsma DI, Chasman DI, de Geus EJC, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Hottenga JJ, Ingelsson E, Loos RJF, Magnusson PKE, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, North KE, Pedersen NL, Spector TD, Speliotes EK, Goddard ME, Yang J, Visscher PM. 2015. Population genetic differentiation of height and body mass index across Europe. Nature Genetics. 47(11), 1357–1362. M. R. Robinson <i>et al.</i>, “Population genetic differentiation of height and body mass index across Europe,” <i>Nature Genetics</i>, vol. 47, no. 11. Springer Nature, pp. 1357–1362, 2015. Robinson MR, Hemani G, Medina-Gomez C, et al. Population genetic differentiation of height and body mass index across Europe. <i>Nature Genetics</i>. 2015;47(11):1357-1362. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3401">10.1038/ng.3401</a> 77422020-04-30T10:58:23Z2021-01-12T08:15:13Z