---
_id: '7882'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A few-body cluster is a building block of a many-body system in a gas phase
    provided the temperature at most is of the order of the binding energy of this
    cluster. Here we illustrate this statement by considering a system of tubes filled
    with dipolar distinguishable particles. We calculate the partition function, which
    determines the probability to find a few-body cluster at a given temperature.
    The input for our calculations—the energies of few-body clusters—is estimated
    using the harmonic approximation. We first describe and demonstrate the validity
    of our numerical procedure. Then we discuss the results featuring melting of the
    zero-temperature many-body state into a gas of free particles and few-body clusters.
    For temperature higher than its binding energy threshold, the dimers overwhelmingly
    dominate the ensemble, where the remaining probability is in free particles. At
    very high temperatures free (harmonic oscillator trap-bound) particle dominance
    is eventually reached. This structure evolution appears both for one and two particles
    in each layer providing crucial information about the behavior of ultracold dipolar
    gases. The investigation addresses the transition region between few- and many-body
    physics as a function of temperature using a system of ten dipoles in five tubes.
article_number: '484'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jeremy R.
  full_name: Armstrong, Jeremy R.
  last_name: Armstrong
- first_name: Aksel S.
  full_name: Jensen, Aksel S.
  last_name: Jensen
- first_name: Artem
  full_name: Volosniev, Artem
  id: 37D278BC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Volosniev
  orcid: 0000-0003-0393-5525
- first_name: Nikolaj T.
  full_name: Zinner, Nikolaj T.
  last_name: Zinner
citation:
  ama: Armstrong JR, Jensen AS, Volosniev A, Zinner NT. Clusters in separated tubes
    of tilted dipoles. <i>Mathematics</i>. 2020;8(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/math8040484">10.3390/math8040484</a>
  apa: Armstrong, J. R., Jensen, A. S., Volosniev, A., &#38; Zinner, N. T. (2020).
    Clusters in separated tubes of tilted dipoles. <i>Mathematics</i>. MDPI. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/math8040484">https://doi.org/10.3390/math8040484</a>
  chicago: Armstrong, Jeremy R., Aksel S. Jensen, Artem Volosniev, and Nikolaj T.
    Zinner. “Clusters in Separated Tubes of Tilted Dipoles.” <i>Mathematics</i>. MDPI,
    2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/math8040484">https://doi.org/10.3390/math8040484</a>.
  ieee: J. R. Armstrong, A. S. Jensen, A. Volosniev, and N. T. Zinner, “Clusters in
    separated tubes of tilted dipoles,” <i>Mathematics</i>, vol. 8, no. 4. MDPI, 2020.
  ista: Armstrong JR, Jensen AS, Volosniev A, Zinner NT. 2020. Clusters in separated
    tubes of tilted dipoles. Mathematics. 8(4), 484.
  mla: Armstrong, Jeremy R., et al. “Clusters in Separated Tubes of Tilted Dipoles.”
    <i>Mathematics</i>, vol. 8, no. 4, 484, MDPI, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/math8040484">10.3390/math8040484</a>.
  short: J.R. Armstrong, A.S. Jensen, A. Volosniev, N.T. Zinner, Mathematics 8 (2020).
date_created: 2020-05-24T22:01:00Z
date_published: 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-02T14:33:47Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '510'
department:
- _id: MiLe
doi: 10.3390/math8040484
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000531824100024'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: a05a7df724522203d079673a0d4de4bc
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-05-25T14:42:22Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
  file_id: '7887'
  file_name: 2020_Mathematics_Armstrong.pdf
  file_size: 990540
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         8'
isi: 1
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
publication: Mathematics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2227-7390
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Clusters in separated tubes of tilted dipoles
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 8
year: '2020'
...