{"day":"05","issue":"14","page":"6626-6683","intvolume":"       120","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2020-06-19T08:42:47Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1520-6890"],"issn":["0009-2665"]},"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:06Z","title":"Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"date_published":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"Submitted Version","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions across many sectors of the world economy. Batteries are vital to this endeavor, whether used in electric vehicles, to store renewable electricity, or in aviation. Present lithium-ion technologies are preparing the public for this inevitable change, but their maximum theoretical specific capacity presents a limitation. Their high cost is another concern for commercial viability. Metal–air batteries have the highest theoretical energy density of all possible secondary battery technologies and could yield step changes in energy storage, if their practical difficulties could be overcome. The scope of this review is to provide an objective, comprehensive, and authoritative assessment of the intensive work invested in nonaqueous rechargeable metal–air batteries over the past few years, which identified the key problems and guides directions to solve them. We focus primarily on the challenges and outlook for Li–O2 cells but include Na–O2, K–O2, and Mg–O2 cells for comparison. Our review highlights the interdisciplinary nature of this field that involves a combination of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, computation, microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface science. The mechanisms of O2 reduction and evolution are considered in the light of recent findings, along with developments in positive and negative electrodes, electrolytes, electrocatalysis on surfaces and in solution, and the degradative effect of singlet oxygen, which is typically formed in Li–O2 cells."}],"pmid":1,"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","publisher":"American Chemical Society","article_type":"review","file":[{"file_id":"8060","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"1a683353d46c5841c8bb2ee0a56ac7be","creator":"sfreunbe","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:06Z","date_created":"2020-06-29T16:36:01Z","file_size":8525678,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"ChemRev_final.pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"_id":"7985","year":"2020","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609","quality_controlled":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","date_updated":"2023-09-05T12:04:28Z","author":[{"full_name":"Kwak, WJ","last_name":"Kwak","first_name":"WJ"},{"full_name":"Sharon, D","last_name":"Sharon","first_name":"D"},{"first_name":"C","last_name":"Xia","full_name":"Xia, C"},{"full_name":"Kim, H","last_name":"Kim","first_name":"H"},{"first_name":"LR","last_name":"Johnson","full_name":"Johnson, LR"},{"full_name":"Bruce, PG","first_name":"PG","last_name":"Bruce"},{"full_name":"Nazar, LF","last_name":"Nazar","first_name":"LF"},{"last_name":"Sun","first_name":"YK","full_name":"Sun, YK"},{"full_name":"Frimer, AA","first_name":"AA","last_name":"Frimer"},{"last_name":"Noked","first_name":"M","full_name":"Noked, M"},{"first_name":"Stefan Alexander","last_name":"Freunberger","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander"},{"first_name":"D","last_name":"Aurbach","full_name":"Aurbach, D"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000555413600008"],"pmid":["32134255"]},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","acknowledgement":"S.A.F. is indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s\r\nHorizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 636069).","status":"public","publication_status":"published","isi":1,"citation":{"mla":"Kwak, WJ, et al. “Lithium-Oxygen Batteries and Related Systems: Potential, Status, and Future.” <i>Chemical Reviews</i>, vol. 120, no. 14, American Chemical Society, 2020, pp. 6626–83, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609\">10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609</a>.","ista":"Kwak W, Sharon D, Xia C, Kim H, Johnson L, Bruce P, Nazar L, Sun Y, Frimer A, Noked M, Freunberger SA, Aurbach D. 2020. Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future. Chemical Reviews. 120(14), 6626–6683.","short":"W. Kwak, D. Sharon, C. Xia, H. Kim, L. Johnson, P. Bruce, L. Nazar, Y. Sun, A. Frimer, M. Noked, S.A. Freunberger, D. Aurbach, Chemical Reviews 120 (2020) 6626–6683.","ieee":"W. Kwak <i>et al.</i>, “Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future,” <i>Chemical Reviews</i>, vol. 120, no. 14. American Chemical Society, pp. 6626–6683, 2020.","apa":"Kwak, W., Sharon, D., Xia, C., Kim, H., Johnson, L., Bruce, P., … Aurbach, D. (2020). Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future. <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609</a>","ama":"Kwak W, Sharon D, Xia C, et al. Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future. <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. 2020;120(14):6626-6683. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609\">10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609</a>","chicago":"Kwak, WJ, D Sharon, C Xia, H Kim, LR Johnson, PG Bruce, LF Nazar, et al. “Lithium-Oxygen Batteries and Related Systems: Potential, Status, and Future.” <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. American Chemical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609</a>."},"publication":"Chemical Reviews","month":"03","scopus_import":"1","ddc":["540"],"volume":120}