---
_id: '8057'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Water-in-salt electrolytes based on highly concentrated bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonimide
    (TFSI) promise aqueous electrolytes with stabilities approaching 3 V. However,
    especially with an electrode approaching the cathodic (reductive) stability, cycling
    stability is insufficient. While stability critically relies on a solid electrolyte
    interphase (SEI), the mechanism behind the cathodic stability limit remains unclear.
    Here, we reveal two distinct reduction potentials for the chemical environments
    of ‘free’ and ‘bound’ water and that both contribute to SEI formation. Free-water
    is reduced ~1V above bound water in a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and responsible
    for SEI formation via reactive intermediates of the HER; concurrent LiTFSI precipitation/dissolution
    establishes a dynamic interface. The free-water population emerges, therefore,
    as the handle to extend the cathodic limit of aqueous electrolytes and the battery
    cycling stability.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Roza
  full_name: Bouchal, Roza
  last_name: Bouchal
- first_name: Zhujie
  full_name: Li, Zhujie
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Chandra
  full_name: Bongu, Chandra
  last_name: Bongu
- first_name: Steven
  full_name: Le Vot, Steven
  last_name: Le Vot
- first_name: Romain
  full_name: Berthelot, Romain
  last_name: Berthelot
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Rotenberg, Benjamin
  last_name: Rotenberg
- first_name: Frederic
  full_name: Favier, Frederic
  last_name: Favier
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Mathieu
  full_name: Salanne, Mathieu
  last_name: Salanne
- first_name: Olivier
  full_name: Fontaine, Olivier
  last_name: Fontaine
citation:
  ama: Bouchal R, Li Z, Bongu C, et al. Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution
    during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte. <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>.
    2020;132(37):16047-16051. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378">10.1002/ange.202005378</a>
  apa: Bouchal, R., Li, Z., Bongu, C., Le Vot, S., Berthelot, R., Rotenberg, B., …
    Fontaine, O. (2020). Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water
    reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte. <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378">https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378</a>
  chicago: Bouchal, Roza, Zhujie Li, Chandra Bongu, Steven Le Vot, Romain Berthelot,
    Benjamin Rotenberg, Frederic Favier, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Mathieu Salanne,
    and Olivier Fontaine. “Competitive Salt Precipitation/Dissolution during Free‐water
    Reduction in Water‐in‐salt Electrolyte.” <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>. Wiley, 2020.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378">https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378</a>.
  ieee: R. Bouchal <i>et al.</i>, “Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during
    free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte,” <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>,
    vol. 132, no. 37. Wiley, pp. 16047–16051, 2020.
  ista: Bouchal R, Li Z, Bongu C, Le Vot S, Berthelot R, Rotenberg B, Favier F, Freunberger
    SA, Salanne M, Fontaine O. 2020. Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during
    free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte. Angewandte Chemie. 132(37),
    16047–16051.
  mla: Bouchal, Roza, et al. “Competitive Salt Precipitation/Dissolution during Free‐water
    Reduction in Water‐in‐salt Electrolyte.” <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>, vol. 132, no.
    37, Wiley, 2020, pp. 16047–51, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378">10.1002/ange.202005378</a>.
  short: R. Bouchal, Z. Li, C. Bongu, S. Le Vot, R. Berthelot, B. Rotenberg, F. Favier,
    S.A. Freunberger, M. Salanne, O. Fontaine, Angewandte Chemie 132 (2020) 16047–16051.
date_created: 2020-06-29T16:15:49Z
date_published: 2020-09-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-05T15:47:50Z
day: '07'
ddc:
- '540'
- '541'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1002/ange.202005378
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 7dd0a56f6bd5de08ea75b1ec388c91bc
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-09-17T08:59:43Z
  date_updated: 2020-09-17T08:59:43Z
  file_id: '8401'
  file_name: 2020_AngChemieDE_Bouchal.pdf
  file_size: 1904552
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-09-17T08:59:43Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       132'
issue: '37'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 16047-16051
publication: Angewandte Chemie
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1521-3757
  issn:
  - 0044-8249
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt
  electrolyte
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 132
year: '2020'
...