--- _id: '8073' abstract: - lang: eng text: Motor cortex (M1) exhibits a rich repertoire of neuronal activities to support the generation of complex movements. Although recent neuronal-network models capture many qualitative aspects of M1 dynamics, they can generate only a few distinct movements. Additionally, it is unclear how M1 efficiently controls movements over a wide range of shapes and speeds. We demonstrate that modulation of neuronal input–output gains in recurrent neuronal-network models with a fixed architecture can dramatically reorganize neuronal activity and thus downstream muscle outputs. Consistent with the observation of diffuse neuromodulatory projections to M1, a relatively small number of modulatory control units provide sufficient flexibility to adjust high-dimensional network activity using a simple reward-based learning rule. Furthermore, it is possible to assemble novel movements from previously learned primitives, and one can separately change movement speed while preserving movement shape. Our results provide a new perspective on the role of modulatory systems in controlling recurrent cortical activity. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Jake P. full_name: Stroud, Jake P. last_name: Stroud - first_name: Mason A. full_name: Porter, Mason A. last_name: Porter - first_name: Guillaume full_name: Hennequin, Guillaume last_name: Hennequin - first_name: Tim P full_name: Vogels, Tim P id: CB6FF8D2-008F-11EA-8E08-2637E6697425 last_name: Vogels orcid: 0000-0003-3295-6181 citation: ama: Stroud JP, Porter MA, Hennequin G, Vogels TP. Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks. Nature Neuroscience. 2018;21(12):1774-1783. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0 apa: Stroud, J. P., Porter, M. A., Hennequin, G., & Vogels, T. P. (2018). Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks. Nature Neuroscience. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0 chicago: Stroud, Jake P., Mason A. Porter, Guillaume Hennequin, and Tim P Vogels. “Motor Primitives in Space and Time via Targeted Gain Modulation in Cortical Networks.” Nature Neuroscience. Springer Nature, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0. ieee: J. P. Stroud, M. A. Porter, G. Hennequin, and T. P. Vogels, “Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks,” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 21, no. 12. Springer Nature, pp. 1774–1783, 2018. ista: Stroud JP, Porter MA, Hennequin G, Vogels TP. 2018. Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks. Nature Neuroscience. 21(12), 1774–1783. mla: Stroud, Jake P., et al. “Motor Primitives in Space and Time via Targeted Gain Modulation in Cortical Networks.” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 21, no. 12, Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 1774–83, doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0. short: J.P. Stroud, M.A. Porter, G. Hennequin, T.P. Vogels, Nature Neuroscience 21 (2018) 1774–1783. date_created: 2020-06-30T13:18:02Z date_published: 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:16:46Z day: '01' doi: 10.1038/s41593-018-0276-0 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '30482949' intvolume: ' 21' issue: '12' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6276991/ month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Submitted Version page: 1774-1783 pmid: 1 publication: Nature Neuroscience publication_identifier: issn: - 1097-6256 - 1546-1726 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: erratum url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0307-x status: public title: Motor primitives in space and time via targeted gain modulation in cortical networks type: journal_article user_id: D865714E-FA4E-11E9-B85B-F5C5E5697425 volume: 21 year: '2018' ...