---
_id: '8315'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Sharding distributed ledgers is the most promising on-chain solution for
scaling blockchain technology. In this work, we define and analyze the properties
a sharded distributed ledger should fulfill. More specifically, we show that a
sharded blockchain cannot be scalable under a fully adaptive adversary, but it
can scale up to $O(n/\\log n)$ under an epoch-adaptive adversary. This is possible
only if the distributed ledger creates succinct proofs of the valid state updates
at the end of each epoch. Our model builds upon and extends the Bitcoin backbone
protocol by defining consistency and\r\nscalability. Consistency encompasses the
need for atomic execution of cross-shard transactions to preserve safety, whereas
scalability encapsulates the speedup a sharded system can gain in comparison to
a non-sharded system. In\r\norder to show the power of our framework, we analyze
the most prominent sharded blockchains and either prove their correctness (OmniLedger,
RapidChain) under our model or pinpoint where they fail to balance the consistency
and\r\nscalability requirements (Elastico, Monoxide). "
article_number: '1910.10434'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Georgia
full_name: Avarikioti, Georgia
last_name: Avarikioti
- first_name: Eleftherios
full_name: Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios
id: f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30
last_name: Kokoris Kogias
- first_name: Roger
full_name: Wattenhofer, Roger
last_name: Wattenhofer
citation:
ama: 'Avarikioti G, Kokoris Kogias E, Wattenhofer R. Divide and scale: Formalization
of distributed ledger sharding protocols. arXiv.'
apa: 'Avarikioti, G., Kokoris Kogias, E., & Wattenhofer, R. (n.d.). Divide and
scale: Formalization of distributed ledger sharding protocols. arXiv.'
chicago: 'Avarikioti, Georgia, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, and Roger Wattenhofer.
“Divide and Scale: Formalization of Distributed Ledger Sharding Protocols.” ArXiv,
n.d.'
ieee: 'G. Avarikioti, E. Kokoris Kogias, and R. Wattenhofer, “Divide and scale:
Formalization of distributed ledger sharding protocols,” arXiv. .'
ista: 'Avarikioti G, Kokoris Kogias E, Wattenhofer R. Divide and scale: Formalization
of distributed ledger sharding protocols. arXiv, 1910.10434.'
mla: 'Avarikioti, Georgia, et al. “Divide and Scale: Formalization of Distributed
Ledger Sharding Protocols.” ArXiv, 1910.10434.'
short: G. Avarikioti, E. Kokoris Kogias, R. Wattenhofer, ArXiv (n.d.).
date_created: 2020-08-27T11:37:43Z
date_published: 2019-10-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:18:05Z
day: '23'
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1910.10434'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10434
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: arXiv
publication_status: submitted
status: public
title: 'Divide and scale: Formalization of distributed ledger sharding protocols'
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2019'
...