---
_id: '8384'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Previous research on animations of soap bubbles, films, and foams largely
    focuses on the motion and geometric shape of the bubble surface. These works neglect
    the evolution of the bubble’s thickness, which is normally responsible for visual
    phenomena like surface vortices, Newton’s interference patterns, capillary waves,
    and deformation-dependent rupturing of films in a foam. In this paper, we model
    these natural phenomena by introducing the film thickness as a reduced degree
    of freedom in the Navier-Stokes equations and deriving their equations of motion.
    We discretize the equations on a nonmanifold triangle mesh surface and couple
    it to an existing bubble solver. In doing so, we also introduce an incompressible
    fluid solver for 2.5D films and a novel advection algorithm for convecting fields
    across non-manifold surface junctions. Our simulations enhance state-of-the-art
    bubble solvers with additional effects caused by convection, rippling, draining,
    and evaporation of the thin film.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: "We wish to thank the anonymous reviewers and the members of the
  Visual Computing Group at IST Austria for their valuable feedback, especially Camille
  Schreck for her help in rendering. This research was supported by the Scientific
  Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by Scientific Computing.
  We would like to thank the authors of [Belcour and Barla 2017] for providing their
  implementation, the authors of [Atkins and Elliott 2010] and [Seychelles et al.
  2008] for allowing us to use their results, and Rok Grah for helpful discussions.
  Finally, we thank Ryoichi Ando for many discussions from the beginning of the project
  that resulted in important contents of the paper including our formulation, numerical
  scheme, and initial implementation. This project has received funding from the\r\nEuropean
  Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  programme under grant agreement No. 638176."
article_number: '31'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sadashige
  full_name: Ishida, Sadashige
  id: 6F7C4B96-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Ishida
  orcid: 0000-0002-3121-3100
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Synak, Peter
  id: 331776E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Synak
- first_name: Fumiya
  full_name: Narita, Fumiya
  last_name: Narita
- first_name: Toshiya
  full_name: Hachisuka, Toshiya
  last_name: Hachisuka
- first_name: Christopher J
  full_name: Wojtan, Christopher J
  id: 3C61F1D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Wojtan
  orcid: 0000-0001-6646-5546
citation:
  ama: Ishida S, Synak P, Narita F, Hachisuka T, Wojtan C. A model for soap film dynamics
    with evolving thickness. <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>. 2020;39(4). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392405">10.1145/3386569.3392405</a>
  apa: Ishida, S., Synak, P., Narita, F., Hachisuka, T., &#38; Wojtan, C. (2020).
    A model for soap film dynamics with evolving thickness. <i>ACM Transactions on
    Graphics</i>. Association for Computing Machinery. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392405">https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392405</a>
  chicago: Ishida, Sadashige, Peter Synak, Fumiya Narita, Toshiya Hachisuka, and Chris
    Wojtan. “A Model for Soap Film Dynamics with Evolving Thickness.” <i>ACM Transactions
    on Graphics</i>. Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392405">https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392405</a>.
  ieee: S. Ishida, P. Synak, F. Narita, T. Hachisuka, and C. Wojtan, “A model for
    soap film dynamics with evolving thickness,” <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>,
    vol. 39, no. 4. Association for Computing Machinery, 2020.
  ista: Ishida S, Synak P, Narita F, Hachisuka T, Wojtan C. 2020. A model for soap
    film dynamics with evolving thickness. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 39(4), 31.
  mla: Ishida, Sadashige, et al. “A Model for Soap Film Dynamics with Evolving Thickness.”
    <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>, vol. 39, no. 4, 31, Association for Computing
    Machinery, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392405">10.1145/3386569.3392405</a>.
  short: S. Ishida, P. Synak, F. Narita, T. Hachisuka, C. Wojtan, ACM Transactions
    on Graphics 39 (2020).
date_created: 2020-09-13T22:01:18Z
date_published: 2020-07-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-07T12:35:47Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: ChWo
doi: 10.1145/3386569.3392405
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000583700300004'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 813831ca91319d794d9748c276b24578
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-11-23T09:03:19Z
  date_updated: 2020-11-23T09:03:19Z
  file_id: '8795'
  file_name: 2020_soapfilm_submitted.pdf
  file_size: 14935529
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-11-23T09:03:19Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        39'
isi: 1
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392405
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
project:
- _id: 2533E772-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '638176'
  name: 'Big Splash: Efficient Simulation of Natural Phenomena at Extremely Large
    Scales'
publication: ACM Transactions on Graphics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '15577368'
  issn:
  - '07300301'
publication_status: published
publisher: Association for Computing Machinery
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '19630'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A model for soap film dynamics with evolving thickness
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 39
year: '2020'
...