---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Skeletal muscle activity is continuously modulated across physiologic states to
    provide coordination, flexibility and responsiveness to body tasks and external
    inputs. Despite the central role the muscular system plays in facilitating vital
    body functions, the network of brain-muscle interactions required to control hundreds
    of muscles and synchronize their activation in relation to distinct physiologic
    states has not been investigated. Recent approaches have focused on general associations
    between individual brain rhythms and muscle activation during movement tasks.
    However, the specific forms of coupling, the functional network of cortico-muscular
    coordination, and how network structure and dynamics are modulated by autonomic
    regulation across physiologic states remains unknown. To identify and quantify
    the cortico-muscular interaction network and uncover basic features of neuro-autonomic
    control of muscle function, we investigate the coupling between synchronous bursts
    in cortical rhythms and peripheral muscle activation during sleep and wake. Utilizing
    the concept of time delay stability and a novel network physiology approach, we
    find that the brain-muscle network exhibits complex dynamic patterns of communication
    involving multiple brain rhythms across cortical locations and different electromyographic
    frequency bands. Moreover, our results show that during each physiologic state
    the cortico-muscular network is characterized by a specific profile of network
    links strength, where particular brain rhythms play role of main mediators of
    interaction and control. Further, we discover a hierarchical reorganization in
    network structure across physiologic states, with high connectivity and network
    link strength during wake, intermediate during REM and light sleep, and low during
    deep sleep, a sleep-stage stratification that demonstrates a unique association
    between physiologic states and cortico-muscular network structure. The reported
    empirical observations are consistent across individual subjects, indicating universal
    behavior in network structure and dynamics, and high sensitivity of cortico-muscular
    control to changes in autonomic regulation, even at low levels of physical activity
    and muscle tone during sleep. Our findings demonstrate previously unrecognized
    basic principles of brain-muscle network communication and control, and provide
    new perspectives on the regulatory mechanisms of brain dynamics and locomotor
    activation, with potential clinical implications for neurodegenerative, movement
    and sleep disorders, and for developing efficient treatment strategies.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Rossella
      foaf_name: Rizzo, Rossella
      foaf_surname: Rizzo
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Xiyun
      foaf_name: Zhang, Xiyun
      foaf_surname: Zhang
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jilin W.J.L.
      foaf_name: Wang, Jilin W.J.L.
      foaf_surname: Wang
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Fabrizio
      foaf_name: Lombardi, Fabrizio
      foaf_surname: Lombardi
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=A057D288-3E88-11E9-986D-0CF4E5697425
    orcid: 0000-0003-2623-5249
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Plamen Ch
      foaf_name: Ivanov, Plamen Ch
      foaf_surname: Ivanov
  bibo_doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.558070
  bibo_volume: 11
  dct_date: 2020^xs_gYear
  dct_identifier:
  - UT:000596849400001
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1664042X
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Frontiers@
  dct_title: Network physiology of cortico–muscular interactions@
  fabio_hasPubmedId: '33324233'
...