article published yes Rossella Rizzo author Xiyun Zhang author Jilin W.J.L. Wang author Fabrizio Lombardi author A057D288-3E88-11E9-986D-0CF4E56974250000-0003-2623-5249 Plamen Ch Ivanov author GaTk department ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships project Skeletal muscle activity is continuously modulated across physiologic states to provide coordination, flexibility and responsiveness to body tasks and external inputs. Despite the central role the muscular system plays in facilitating vital body functions, the network of brain-muscle interactions required to control hundreds of muscles and synchronize their activation in relation to distinct physiologic states has not been investigated. Recent approaches have focused on general associations between individual brain rhythms and muscle activation during movement tasks. However, the specific forms of coupling, the functional network of cortico-muscular coordination, and how network structure and dynamics are modulated by autonomic regulation across physiologic states remains unknown. To identify and quantify the cortico-muscular interaction network and uncover basic features of neuro-autonomic control of muscle function, we investigate the coupling between synchronous bursts in cortical rhythms and peripheral muscle activation during sleep and wake. Utilizing the concept of time delay stability and a novel network physiology approach, we find that the brain-muscle network exhibits complex dynamic patterns of communication involving multiple brain rhythms across cortical locations and different electromyographic frequency bands. Moreover, our results show that during each physiologic state the cortico-muscular network is characterized by a specific profile of network links strength, where particular brain rhythms play role of main mediators of interaction and control. Further, we discover a hierarchical reorganization in network structure across physiologic states, with high connectivity and network link strength during wake, intermediate during REM and light sleep, and low during deep sleep, a sleep-stage stratification that demonstrates a unique association between physiologic states and cortico-muscular network structure. The reported empirical observations are consistent across individual subjects, indicating universal behavior in network structure and dynamics, and high sensitivity of cortico-muscular control to changes in autonomic regulation, even at low levels of physical activity and muscle tone during sleep. Our findings demonstrate previously unrecognized basic principles of brain-muscle network communication and control, and provide new perspectives on the regulatory mechanisms of brain dynamics and locomotor activation, with potential clinical implications for neurodegenerative, movement and sleep disorders, and for developing efficient treatment strategies. https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/8955/8961/2020_Frontiers_Rizzo.pdf application/pdfno Frontiers2020 eng 1664042X 33324233 00059684940000110.3389/fphys.2020.558070 11 Rizzo, R., Zhang, X., Wang, J. W. J. L., Lombardi, F., &#38; Ivanov, P. C. (2020). Network physiology of cortico–muscular interactions. <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>. Frontiers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070">https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070</a> Rizzo, Rossella, Xiyun Zhang, Jilin W.J.L. Wang, Fabrizio Lombardi, and Plamen Ch Ivanov. “Network Physiology of Cortico–Muscular Interactions.” <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>. Frontiers, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070">https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070</a>. Rizzo R, Zhang X, Wang JWJL, Lombardi F, Ivanov PC. 2020. Network physiology of cortico–muscular interactions. Frontiers in Physiology. 11, 558070. R. Rizzo, X. Zhang, J.W.J.L. Wang, F. Lombardi, P.C. Ivanov, Frontiers in Physiology 11 (2020). Rizzo R, Zhang X, Wang JWJL, Lombardi F, Ivanov PC. Network physiology of cortico–muscular interactions. <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>. 2020;11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070">10.3389/fphys.2020.558070</a> Rizzo, Rossella, et al. “Network Physiology of Cortico–Muscular Interactions.” <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>, vol. 11, 558070, Frontiers, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070">10.3389/fphys.2020.558070</a>. R. Rizzo, X. Zhang, J. W. J. L. Wang, F. Lombardi, and P. C. Ivanov, “Network physiology of cortico–muscular interactions,” <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>, vol. 11. Frontiers, 2020. 89552020-12-20T23:01:18Z2025-04-14T07:43:50Z