---
_id: '896'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Multicellular eukaryotes have evolved a range of mechanisms for immune recognition.
A widespread family involved in innate immunity are the NACHT-domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing
(NLR) proteins.Mammals have small numbers of NLR proteins, whereas in some species,
mostly those without adaptive immune systems, NLRs have expanded into very large
families.We describe a family of nearly 400NLR proteins encoded in the zebrafish
genome. The proteins share a defining overall structure, which arose in fishes
after a fusion of the core NLR domains with a B30.2 domain, but can be subdivided
into four groups based on their NACHT domains. Gene conversion acting differentially
on the NACHT and B30.2 domains has shaped the family and created the groups. Evidence
of positive selection in the B30.2 domain indicates that this domain rather than
the leucine-rich repeats acts as the pathogen recognition module. In an unusual
chromosomal organization, the majority of the genes are located on one chromosome
arm, interspersed with other large multigene families, including a new family
encoding zinc-finger proteins. The NLR-B30.2 proteins represent a new family with
diversity in the specific recognition module that is present in fishes in spite
of the parallel existence of an adaptive immune system.
acknowledgement: Financial support was provided by EMBO and the DFG SFB 670 'Zellautonome
Immunität' to M.L., DFG SFB 680 'Molecular basis of evolutionary innovation' to
T.W., DFG SPP1819 to M.L. and T.W., the HHMI International Early Career Scientist
Programme (55007424), MINECO (Sev-2012-0208), AGAUR programme (2014 SGR 0974), and
an ERC Starting Grant (335980-EinME) to F.K., the European Molecular Biology Laboratory
to J.M., the Wellcome Trust to K.H. (zebrafish genome sequencing project) and the
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) grant HG002659 to G.K.L. (gene
annotation), and a grant from the Volkswagen Foundation to P.H.S. We thank the CHEOPS
support team and the Bundesland Nordrhein Westfalen for making HPC applications
freely available at the University of Cologne.
author:
- first_name: Kerstin
full_name: Howe, Kerstin L
last_name: Howe
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Schiffer, Philipp H
last_name: Schiffer
- first_name: Julia
full_name: Zielinski, Julia G
last_name: Zielinski
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Wiehe, Thomas H
last_name: Wiehe
- first_name: Gavin
full_name: Laird, Gavin K
last_name: Laird
- first_name: John
full_name: Marioni, John C
last_name: Marioni
- first_name: Onuralp
full_name: Soylemez, Onuralp
last_name: Soylemez
- first_name: Fyodor
full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kondrashov
orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Leptin, Maria
last_name: Leptin
citation:
ama: Howe K, Schiffer P, Zielinski J, et al. Structure and evolutionary history
of a large family of NLR proteins in the zebrafish. Open Biology. 2016;6(4).
doi:10.1098/rsob.160009
apa: Howe, K., Schiffer, P., Zielinski, J., Wiehe, T., Laird, G., Marioni, J., …
Leptin, M. (2016). Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR
proteins in the zebrafish. Open Biology. Royal Society, The. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009
chicago: Howe, Kerstin, Philipp Schiffer, Julia Zielinski, Thomas Wiehe, Gavin Laird,
John Marioni, Onuralp Soylemez, Fyodor Kondrashov, and Maria Leptin. “Structure
and Evolutionary History of a Large Family of NLR Proteins in the Zebrafish.”
Open Biology. Royal Society, The, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009.
ieee: K. Howe et al., “Structure and evolutionary history of a large family
of NLR proteins in the zebrafish,” Open Biology, vol. 6, no. 4. Royal Society,
The, 2016.
ista: Howe K, Schiffer P, Zielinski J, Wiehe T, Laird G, Marioni J, Soylemez O,
Kondrashov F, Leptin M. 2016. Structure and evolutionary history of a large family
of NLR proteins in the zebrafish. Open Biology. 6(4).
mla: Howe, Kerstin, et al. “Structure and Evolutionary History of a Large Family
of NLR Proteins in the Zebrafish.” Open Biology, vol. 6, no. 4, Royal Society,
The, 2016, doi:10.1098/rsob.160009.
short: K. Howe, P. Schiffer, J. Zielinski, T. Wiehe, G. Laird, J. Marioni, O. Soylemez,
F. Kondrashov, M. Leptin, Open Biology 6 (2016).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:04Z
date_published: 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:32Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1098/rsob.160009
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: '4'
month: '01'
publication: Open Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society, The
publist_id: '6754'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR proteins in the
zebrafish
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
volume: 6
year: '2016'
...