---
_id: '8966'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: During development, a single cell is transformed into a highly complex organism
    through progressive cell division, specification and rearrangement. An important
    prerequisite for the emergence of patterns within the developing organism is to
    establish asymmetries at various scales, ranging from individual cells to the
    entire embryo, eventually giving rise to the different body structures. This becomes
    especially apparent during gastrulation, when the earliest major lineage restriction
    events lead to the formation of the different germ layers. Traditionally, the
    unfolding of the developmental program from symmetry breaking to germ layer formation
    has been studied by dissecting the contributions of different signaling pathways
    and cellular rearrangements in the in vivo context of intact embryos. Recent efforts,
    using the intrinsic capacity of embryonic stem cells to self-assemble and generate
    embryo-like structures de novo, have opened new avenues for understanding the
    many ways by which an embryo can be built and the influence of extrinsic factors
    therein. Here, we discuss and compare divergent and conserved strategies leading
    to germ layer formation in embryos as compared to in vitro systems, their upstream
    molecular cascades and the role of extrinsic factors in this process.
acknowledgement: We thank Nicoletta Petridou, Diana Pinheiro, Cornelia Schwayer and
  Stefania Tavano for feedback on the manuscript. Research in the Heisenberg lab is
  supported by an ERC Advanced Grant (MECSPEC 742573) to C.-P.H. A.S. is a recipient
  of a DOC Fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Science.
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexandra
  full_name: Schauer, Alexandra
  id: 30A536BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schauer
  orcid: 0000-0001-7659-9142
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
  ama: Schauer A, Heisenberg C-PJ. Reassembling gastrulation. <i>Developmental Biology</i>.
    2021;474:71-81. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014">10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014</a>
  apa: Schauer, A., &#38; Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2021). Reassembling gastrulation.
    <i>Developmental Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014</a>
  chicago: Schauer, Alexandra, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Reassembling Gastrulation.”
    <i>Developmental Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014</a>.
  ieee: A. Schauer and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Reassembling gastrulation,” <i>Developmental
    Biology</i>, vol. 474. Elsevier, pp. 71–81, 2021.
  ista: Schauer A, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2021. Reassembling gastrulation. Developmental
    Biology. 474, 71–81.
  mla: Schauer, Alexandra, and Carl-Philipp J. Heisenberg. “Reassembling Gastrulation.”
    <i>Developmental Biology</i>, vol. 474, Elsevier, 2021, pp. 71–81, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014">10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014</a>.
  short: A. Schauer, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Developmental Biology 474 (2021) 71–81.
date_created: 2020-12-22T09:53:34Z
date_published: 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-04T22:30:15Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.014
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000639461800008'
  pmid:
  - '33352181'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: fa2a5731fd16ab171b029f32f031c440
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: kschuh
  date_created: 2021-08-11T10:28:06Z
  date_updated: 2021-08-11T10:28:06Z
  file_id: '9880'
  file_name: 2021_DevBiology_Schauer.pdf
  file_size: 1440321
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-08-11T10:28:06Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       474'
isi: 1
keyword:
- Developmental Biology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 71-81
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 260F1432-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '742573'
  name: Interaction and feedback between cell mechanics and fate specification in
    vertebrate gastrulation
- _id: 26B1E39C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  grant_number: '25239'
  name: 'Mesendoderm specification in zebrafish: The role of extraembryonic tissues'
publication: Developmental Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0012-1606
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '12891'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Reassembling gastrulation
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 474
year: '2021'
...