--- res: bibo_abstract: - Availability of the essential macronutrient nitrogen in soil plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and impacts agricultural productivity. Plants have evolved different strategies for sensing and responding to heterogeneous nitrogen distribution. Modulation of root system architecture, including primary root growth and branching, is among the most essential plant adaptions to ensure adequate nitrogen acquisition. However, the immediate molecular pathways coordinating the adjustment of root growth in response to distinct nitrogen sources, such as nitrate or ammonium, are poorly understood. Here, we show that growth as manifested by cell division and elongation is synchronized by coordinated auxin flux between two adjacent outer tissue layers of the root. This coordination is achieved by nitrate‐dependent dephosphorylation of the PIN2 auxin efflux carrier at a previously uncharacterized phosphorylation site, leading to subsequent PIN2 lateralization and thereby regulating auxin flow between adjacent tissues. A dynamic computer model based on our experimental data successfully recapitulates experimental observations. Our study provides mechanistic insights broadening our understanding of root growth mechanisms in dynamic environments.@eng bibo_authorlist: - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Krisztina foaf_name: Ötvös, Krisztina foaf_surname: Ötvös foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=29B901B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0002-5503-4983 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Marco foaf_name: Marconi, Marco foaf_surname: Marconi - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Andrea foaf_name: Vega, Andrea foaf_surname: Vega - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Jose foaf_name: O’Brien, Jose foaf_surname: O’Brien - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Alexander J foaf_name: Johnson, Alexander J foaf_surname: Johnson foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=46A62C3A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0002-2739-8843 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Rashed foaf_name: Abualia, Rashed foaf_surname: Abualia foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=4827E134-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0002-9357-9415 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Livio foaf_name: Antonielli, Livio foaf_surname: Antonielli - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Juan C foaf_name: Montesinos López, Juan C foaf_surname: Montesinos López foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=310A8E3E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0001-9179-6099 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Yuzhou foaf_name: Zhang, Yuzhou foaf_surname: Zhang foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=3B6137F2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0003-2627-6956 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Shutang foaf_name: Tan, Shutang foaf_surname: Tan foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=2DE75584-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0002-0471-8285 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Candela foaf_name: Cuesta, Candela foaf_surname: Cuesta foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=33A3C818-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0003-1923-2410 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Christina foaf_name: Artner, Christina foaf_surname: Artner foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=45DF286A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Eleonore foaf_name: Bouguyon, Eleonore foaf_surname: Bouguyon - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Alain foaf_name: Gojon, Alain foaf_surname: Gojon - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Jiří foaf_name: Friml, Jiří foaf_surname: Friml foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Rodrigo A. foaf_name: Gutiérrez, Rodrigo A. foaf_surname: Gutiérrez - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Krzysztof T foaf_name: Wabnik, Krzysztof T foaf_surname: Wabnik foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=4DE369A4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0001-7263-0560 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Eva foaf_name: Benková, Eva foaf_surname: Benková foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0002-8510-9739 bibo_doi: 10.15252/embj.2020106862 bibo_issue: '3' bibo_volume: 40 dct_date: 2021^xs_gYear dct_identifier: - UT:000604645600001 dct_isPartOf: - http://id.crossref.org/issn/02614189 - http://id.crossref.org/issn/14602075 dct_language: eng dct_publisher: Embo Press@ dct_title: Modulation of plant root growth by nitrogen source-defined regulation of polar auxin transport@ fabio_hasPubmedId: ' 33399250' ...