@article{9055,
  abstract     = {Spontaneous formation of colonies of bacteria or flocks of birds are examples of self-organization in active living matter. Here, we demonstrate a form of self-organization from nonequilibrium driving forces in a suspension of synthetic photoactivated colloidal particles. They lead to two-dimensional "living crystals," which form, break, explode, and re-form elsewhere. The dynamic assembly results from a competition between self-propulsion of particles and an attractive interaction induced respectively by osmotic and phoretic effects and activated by light. We measured a transition from normal to giant-number fluctuations. Our experiments are quantitatively described by simple numerical simulations. We show that the existence of the living crystals is intrinsically related to the out-of-equilibrium collisions of the self-propelled particles.},
  author       = {Palacci, Jérémie A and Sacanna, S. and Steinberg, A. P. and Pine, D. J. and Chaikin, P. M.},
  issn         = {1095-9203},
  journal      = {Science},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {6122},
  pages        = {936--940},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science },
  title        = {{Living crystals of light-activated colloidal surfers}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.1230020},
  volume       = {339},
  year         = {2013},
}