{"day":"09","issue":"2","intvolume":"         5","date_created":"2021-02-15T14:40:46Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-9326"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","title":"How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations?","date_published":"2010-04-09T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"The factors governing the rate of change in the amount of atmospheric water vapor are analyzed in simulations of climate change. The global-mean amount of water vapor is estimated to increase at a differential rate of 7.3% K − 1 with respect to global-mean surface air temperature in the multi-model mean. Larger rates of change result if the fractional change is evaluated over a finite change in temperature (e.g., 8.2% K − 1 for a 3 K warming), and rates of change of zonal-mean column water vapor range from 6 to 12% K − 1 depending on latitude.\r\nClausius–Clapeyron scaling is directly evaluated using an invariant distribution of monthly-mean relative humidity, giving a rate of 7.4% K − 1 for global-mean water vapor. There are deviations from Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of zonal-mean column water vapor in the tropics and mid-latitudes, but they largely cancel in the global mean. A purely thermodynamic scaling based on a saturated troposphere gives a higher global rate of 7.9% K − 1.\r\nSurface specific humidity increases at a rate of 5.7% K − 1, considerably lower than the rate for global-mean water vapor. Surface specific humidity closely follows Clausius–Clapeyron scaling over ocean. But there are widespread decreases in surface relative humidity over land (by more than 1% K − 1 in many regions), and it is argued that decreases of this magnitude could result from the land/ocean contrast in surface warming.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","publisher":"IOP Publishing","article_number":"025207","year":"2010","_id":"9146","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2022-01-24T13:51:02Z","author":[{"first_name":"P A","last_name":"O’Gorman","full_name":"O’Gorman, P A"},{"full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","last_name":"Muller","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","first_name":"Caroline J"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","status":"public","publication_status":"published","publication":"Environmental Research Letters","month":"04","citation":{"mla":"O’Gorman, P. A., and Caroline J. Muller. “How Closely Do Changes in Surface and Column Water Vapor Follow Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling in Climate Change Simulations?” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>, vol. 5, no. 2, 025207, IOP Publishing, 2010, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207\">10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207</a>.","ista":"O’Gorman PA, Muller CJ. 2010. How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? Environmental Research Letters. 5(2), 025207.","ieee":"P. A. O’Gorman and C. J. Muller, “How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations?,” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>, vol. 5, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2010.","short":"P.A. O’Gorman, C.J. Muller, Environmental Research Letters 5 (2010).","apa":"O’Gorman, P. A., &#38; Muller, C. J. (2010). How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207</a>","ama":"O’Gorman PA, Muller CJ. How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. 2010;5(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207\">10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207</a>","chicago":"O’Gorman, P A, and Caroline J Muller. “How Closely Do Changes in Surface and Column Water Vapor Follow Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling in Climate Change Simulations?” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. IOP Publishing, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207</a>."},"extern":"1","volume":5,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207","open_access":"1"}],"keyword":["Renewable Energy","Sustainability and the Environment","Public Health","Environmental and Occupational Health","General Environmental Science"]}