--- _id: '9146' abstract: - lang: eng text: "The factors governing the rate of change in the amount of atmospheric water vapor are analyzed in simulations of climate change. The global-mean amount of water vapor is estimated to increase at a differential rate of 7.3% K − 1 with respect to global-mean surface air temperature in the multi-model mean. Larger rates of change result if the fractional change is evaluated over a finite change in temperature (e.g., 8.2% K − 1 for a 3 K warming), and rates of change of zonal-mean column water vapor range from 6 to 12% K − 1 depending on latitude.\r\nClausius–Clapeyron scaling is directly evaluated using an invariant distribution of monthly-mean relative humidity, giving a rate of 7.4% K − 1 for global-mean water vapor. There are deviations from Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of zonal-mean column water vapor in the tropics and mid-latitudes, but they largely cancel in the global mean. A purely thermodynamic scaling based on a saturated troposphere gives a higher global rate of 7.9% K − 1.\r\nSurface specific humidity increases at a rate of 5.7% K − 1, considerably lower than the rate for global-mean water vapor. Surface specific humidity closely follows Clausius–Clapeyron scaling over ocean. But there are widespread decreases in surface relative humidity over land (by more than 1% K − 1 in many regions), and it is argued that decreases of this magnitude could result from the land/ocean contrast in surface warming." article_number: '025207' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: P A full_name: O’Gorman, P A last_name: O’Gorman - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: O’Gorman PA, Muller CJ. How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? Environmental Research Letters. 2010;5(2). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207 apa: O’Gorman, P. A., & Muller, C. J. (2010). How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207 chicago: O’Gorman, P A, and Caroline J Muller. “How Closely Do Changes in Surface and Column Water Vapor Follow Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling in Climate Change Simulations?” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207. ieee: P. A. O’Gorman and C. J. Muller, “How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations?,” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 5, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2010. ista: O’Gorman PA, Muller CJ. 2010. How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? Environmental Research Letters. 5(2), 025207. mla: O’Gorman, P. A., and Caroline J. Muller. “How Closely Do Changes in Surface and Column Water Vapor Follow Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling in Climate Change Simulations?” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 5, no. 2, 025207, IOP Publishing, 2010, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207. short: P.A. O’Gorman, C.J. Muller, Environmental Research Letters 5 (2010). date_created: 2021-02-15T14:40:46Z date_published: 2010-04-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-01-24T13:51:02Z day: '09' doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 5' issue: '2' keyword: - Renewable Energy - Sustainability and the Environment - Public Health - Environmental and Occupational Health - General Environmental Science language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207 month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Environmental Research Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 1748-9326 publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? type: journal_article user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9 volume: 5 year: '2010' ...