---
_id: '9259'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Gradients of chemokines and growth factors guide migrating cells and morphogenetic
processes. Migration of antigen-presenting dendritic cells from the interstitium
into the lymphatic system is dependent on chemokine CCL21, which is secreted by
endothelial cells of the lymphatic capillary, binds heparan sulfates and forms
gradients decaying into the interstitium. Despite the importance of CCL21 gradients,
and chemokine gradients in general, the mechanisms of gradient formation are unclear.
Studies on fibroblast growth factors have shown that limited diffusion is crucial
for gradient formation. Here, we used the mouse dermis as a model tissue to address
the necessity of CCL21 anchoring to lymphatic capillary heparan sulfates in the
formation of interstitial CCL21 gradients. Surprisingly, the absence of lymphatic
endothelial heparan sulfates resulted only in a modest decrease of CCL21 levels
at the lymphatic capillaries and did neither affect interstitial CCL21 gradient
shape nor dendritic cell migration toward lymphatic capillaries. Thus, heparan
sulfates at the level of the lymphatic endothelium are dispensable for the formation
of a functional CCL21 gradient.
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by Sigrid Juselius fellowship (KV), University
of Helsinki 3-year research grant (KV), Academy of Finland Research fellow funding
(315710, to KV), the European Research Council (ERC CoG 724373 to MS), and by the
Austrian Science foundation (FWF) (Y564-B12 START award to MS).\r\nTaija Mäkinen
is acknowledged for providing Prox1CreERT2 transgenic mice and Yu Yamaguchi for
providing the conditional Ext1 mouse strain."
article_number: '630002'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Kari
full_name: Vaahtomeri, Kari
id: 368EE576-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vaahtomeri
orcid: 0000-0001-7829-3518
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Moussion, Christine
id: 3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Moussion
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
ama: Vaahtomeri K, Moussion C, Hauschild R, Sixt MK. Shape and function of interstitial
chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent of heparan sulfates produced by lymphatic
endothelium. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002
apa: Vaahtomeri, K., Moussion, C., Hauschild, R., & Sixt, M. K. (2021). Shape
and function of interstitial chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent of heparan
sulfates produced by lymphatic endothelium. Frontiers in Immunology. Frontiers.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002
chicago: Vaahtomeri, Kari, Christine Moussion, Robert Hauschild, and Michael K Sixt.
“Shape and Function of Interstitial Chemokine CCL21 Gradients Are Independent
of Heparan Sulfates Produced by Lymphatic Endothelium.” Frontiers in Immunology.
Frontiers, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002.
ieee: K. Vaahtomeri, C. Moussion, R. Hauschild, and M. K. Sixt, “Shape and function
of interstitial chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent of heparan sulfates
produced by lymphatic endothelium,” Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 12. Frontiers,
2021.
ista: Vaahtomeri K, Moussion C, Hauschild R, Sixt MK. 2021. Shape and function of
interstitial chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent of heparan sulfates produced
by lymphatic endothelium. Frontiers in Immunology. 12, 630002.
mla: Vaahtomeri, Kari, et al. “Shape and Function of Interstitial Chemokine CCL21
Gradients Are Independent of Heparan Sulfates Produced by Lymphatic Endothelium.”
Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 12, 630002, Frontiers, 2021, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002.
short: K. Vaahtomeri, C. Moussion, R. Hauschild, M.K. Sixt, Frontiers in Immunology
12 (2021).
date_created: 2021-03-21T23:01:20Z
date_published: 2021-02-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-07T14:18:26Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MiSi
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000627134400001'
pmid:
- '33717158'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 663f5a48375e42afa4bfef58d42ec186
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-03-22T12:08:26Z
date_updated: 2021-03-22T12:08:26Z
file_id: '9277'
file_name: 2021_FrontiersImmumo_Vaahtomeri.pdf
file_size: 3740146
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-03-22T12:08:26Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 12'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '724373'
name: Cellular navigation along spatial gradients
- _id: 25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: Y 564-B12
name: Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes
publication: Frontiers in Immunology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1664-3224
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Shape and function of interstitial chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent
of heparan sulfates produced by lymphatic endothelium
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 12
year: '2021'
...