---
_id: '94'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We introduce a method for breaking Lorentz reciprocity based upon the noncommutation
    of frequency conversion and delay. The method requires no magnetic materials or
    resonant physics, allowing for the design of scalable and broadband nonreciprocal
    circuits. With this approach, two types of gyrators - universal building blocks
    for linear, nonreciprocal circuits - are constructed. Using one of these gyrators,
    we create a circulator with >15 dB of isolation across the 5-9 GHz band. Our
    designs may be readily extended to any platform with suitable frequency conversion
    elements, including semiconducting devices for telecommunication or an on-chip
    superconducting implementation for quantum information processing.
article_number: '147703'
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Eric
  full_name: Rosenthal, Eric
  last_name: Rosenthal
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Chapman, Benjamin
  last_name: Chapman
- first_name: Andrew P
  full_name: Higginbotham, Andrew P
  id: 4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Higginbotham
  orcid: 0000-0003-2607-2363
- first_name: Joseph
  full_name: Kerckhoff, Joseph
  last_name: Kerckhoff
- first_name: Konrad
  full_name: Lehnert, Konrad
  last_name: Lehnert
citation:
  ama: Rosenthal E, Chapman B, Higginbotham AP, Kerckhoff J, Lehnert K. Breaking Lorentz
    reciprocity with frequency conversion and delay. <i>APS Physics, Physical Review
    Letters</i>. 2017;119(14). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147703">10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147703</a>
  apa: Rosenthal, E., Chapman, B., Higginbotham, A. P., Kerckhoff, J., &#38; Lehnert,
    K. (2017). Breaking Lorentz reciprocity with frequency conversion and delay. <i>APS
    Physics, Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147703">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147703</a>
  chicago: Rosenthal, Eric, Benjamin Chapman, Andrew P Higginbotham, Joseph Kerckhoff,
    and Konrad Lehnert. “Breaking Lorentz Reciprocity with Frequency Conversion and
    Delay.” <i>APS Physics, Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society,
    2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147703">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147703</a>.
  ieee: E. Rosenthal, B. Chapman, A. P. Higginbotham, J. Kerckhoff, and K. Lehnert,
    “Breaking Lorentz reciprocity with frequency conversion and delay,” <i>APS Physics,
    Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 119, no. 14. American Physical Society, 2017.
  ista: Rosenthal E, Chapman B, Higginbotham AP, Kerckhoff J, Lehnert K. 2017. Breaking
    Lorentz reciprocity with frequency conversion and delay. APS Physics, Physical
    Review Letters. 119(14), 147703.
  mla: Rosenthal, Eric, et al. “Breaking Lorentz Reciprocity with Frequency Conversion
    and Delay.” <i>APS Physics, Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 119, no. 14, 147703,
    American Physical Society, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147703">10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147703</a>.
  short: E. Rosenthal, B. Chapman, A.P. Higginbotham, J. Kerckhoff, K. Lehnert, APS
    Physics, Physical Review Letters 119 (2017).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:35Z
date_published: 2017-10-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:22:04Z
day: '06'
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147703
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1705.09548'
intvolume: '       119'
issue: '14'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.09548
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
publication: APS Physics, Physical Review Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '7960'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Breaking Lorentz reciprocity with frequency conversion and delay
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 119
year: '2017'
...