---
_id: '9477'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cytosine methylation is a DNA modification with important regulatory functions
    in eukaryotes. In flowering plants, sexual reproduction is accompanied by extensive
    DNA demethylation, which is required for proper gene expression in the endosperm,
    a nutritive extraembryonic seed tissue. Endosperm arises from a fusion of a sperm
    cell carried in the pollen and a female central cell. Endosperm DNA demethylation
    is observed specifically on the chromosomes inherited from the central cell in
    Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and maize, and requires the DEMETER DNA demethylase
    in Arabidopsis. DEMETER is expressed in the central cell before fertilization,
    suggesting that endosperm demethylation patterns are inherited from the central
    cell. Down-regulation of the MET1 DNA methyltransferase has also been proposed
    to contribute to central cell demethylation. However, with the exception of three
    maize genes, central cell DNA methylation has not been directly measured, leaving
    the origin and mechanism of endosperm demethylation uncertain. Here, we report
    genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in the central cells of Arabidopsis and
    rice—species that diverged 150 million years ago—as well as in rice egg cells.
    We find that DNA demethylation in both species is initiated in central cells,
    which requires DEMETER in Arabidopsis. However, we do not observe a global reduction
    of CG methylation that would be indicative of lowered MET1 activity; on the contrary,
    CG methylation efficiency is elevated in female gametes compared with nonsexual
    tissues. Our results demonstrate that locus-specific, active DNA demethylation
    in the central cell is the origin of maternal chromosome hypomethylation in the
    endosperm.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Kyunghyuk
  full_name: Park, Kyunghyuk
  last_name: Park
- first_name: M. Yvonne
  full_name: Kim, M. Yvonne
  last_name: Kim
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Vickers, Martin
  last_name: Vickers
- first_name: Jin-Sup
  full_name: Park, Jin-Sup
  last_name: Park
- first_name: Youbong
  full_name: Hyun, Youbong
  last_name: Hyun
- first_name: Takashi
  full_name: Okamoto, Takashi
  last_name: Okamoto
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
  id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
  last_name: Zilberman
  orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Robert L.
  full_name: Fischer, Robert L.
  last_name: Fischer
- first_name: Xiaoqi
  full_name: Feng, Xiaoqi
  id: e0164712-22ee-11ed-b12a-d80fcdf35958
  last_name: Feng
  orcid: 0000-0002-4008-1234
- first_name: Yeonhee
  full_name: Choi, Yeonhee
  last_name: Choi
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Scholten, Stefan
  last_name: Scholten
citation:
  ama: Park K, Kim MY, Vickers M, et al. DNA demethylation is initiated in the central
    cells of Arabidopsis and rice. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>.
    2016;113(52):15138-15143. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619047114">10.1073/pnas.1619047114</a>
  apa: Park, K., Kim, M. Y., Vickers, M., Park, J.-S., Hyun, Y., Okamoto, T., … Scholten,
    S. (2016). DNA demethylation is initiated in the central cells of Arabidopsis
    and rice. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. National Academy
    of Sciences. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619047114">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619047114</a>
  chicago: Park, Kyunghyuk, M. Yvonne Kim, Martin Vickers, Jin-Sup Park, Youbong Hyun,
    Takashi Okamoto, Daniel Zilberman, et al. “DNA Demethylation Is Initiated in the
    Central Cells of Arabidopsis and Rice.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy
    of Sciences</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619047114">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619047114</a>.
  ieee: K. Park <i>et al.</i>, “DNA demethylation is initiated in the central cells
    of Arabidopsis and rice,” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>,
    vol. 113, no. 52. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 15138–15143, 2016.
  ista: Park K, Kim MY, Vickers M, Park J-S, Hyun Y, Okamoto T, Zilberman D, Fischer
    RL, Feng X, Choi Y, Scholten S. 2016. DNA demethylation is initiated in the central
    cells of Arabidopsis and rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
    113(52), 15138–15143.
  mla: Park, Kyunghyuk, et al. “DNA Demethylation Is Initiated in the Central Cells
    of Arabidopsis and Rice.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>,
    vol. 113, no. 52, National Academy of Sciences, 2016, pp. 15138–43, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619047114">10.1073/pnas.1619047114</a>.
  short: K. Park, M.Y. Kim, M. Vickers, J.-S. Park, Y. Hyun, T. Okamoto, D. Zilberman,
    R.L. Fischer, X. Feng, Y. Choi, S. Scholten, Proceedings of the National Academy
    of Sciences 113 (2016) 15138–15143.
date_created: 2021-06-07T07:10:59Z
date_published: 2016-12-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-08T11:00:07Z
day: '27'
department:
- _id: DaZi
- _id: XiFe
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1619047114
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '27956642'
intvolume: '       113'
issue: '52'
keyword:
- Multidisciplinary
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619047114
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 15138-15143
pmid: 1
publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1091-6490
  issn:
  - 0027-8424
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: DNA demethylation is initiated in the central cells of Arabidopsis and rice
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 113
year: '2016'
...