---
_id: '9517'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Multicellular eukaryotes produce small RNA molecules (approximately 21–24
    nucleotides) of two general types, microRNA (miRNA) and short interfering RNA
    (siRNA). They collectively function as sequence-specific guides to silence or
    regulate genes, transposons, and viruses and to modify chromatin and genome structure.
    Formation or activity of small RNAs requires factors belonging to gene families
    that encode DICER (or DICER-LIKE [DCL]) and ARGONAUTE proteins and, in the case
    of some siRNAs, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) proteins. Unlike many animals,
    plants encode multiple DCL and RDR proteins. Using a series of insertion mutants
    of Arabidopsis thaliana, unique functions for three DCL proteins in miRNA (DCL1),
    endogenous siRNA (DCL3), and viral siRNA (DCL2) biogenesis were identified. One
    RDR protein (RDR2) was required for all endogenous siRNAs analyzed. The loss of
    endogenous siRNA in dcl3 and rdr2 mutants was associated with loss of heterochromatic
    marks and increased transcript accumulation at some loci. Defects in siRNA-generation
    activity in response to turnip crinkle virus in dcl2 mutant plants correlated
    with increased virus susceptibility. We conclude that proliferation and diversification
    of DCL and RDR genes during evolution of plants contributed to specialization
    of small RNA-directed pathways for development, chromatin structure, and defense.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Zhixin
  full_name: Xie, Zhixin
  last_name: Xie
- first_name: Lisa K.
  full_name: Johansen, Lisa K.
  last_name: Johansen
- first_name: Adam M.
  full_name: Gustafson, Adam M.
  last_name: Gustafson
- first_name: Kristin D.
  full_name: Kasschau, Kristin D.
  last_name: Kasschau
- first_name: 'Andrew D. '
  full_name: 'Lellis, Andrew D. '
  last_name: Lellis
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
  id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
  last_name: Zilberman
  orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Steven E.
  full_name: Jacobsen, Steven E.
  last_name: Jacobsen
- first_name: James C.
  full_name: Carrington, James C.
  last_name: Carrington
citation:
  ama: Xie Z, Johansen LK, Gustafson AM, et al. Genetic and functional diversification
    of small RNA pathways in plants. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. 2004;2(5):0642-0652. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104">10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104</a>
  apa: Xie, Z., Johansen, L. K., Gustafson, A. M., Kasschau, K. D., Lellis, A. D.,
    Zilberman, D., … Carrington, J. C. (2004). Genetic and functional diversification
    of small RNA pathways in plants. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. Public Library of Science.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104</a>
  chicago: Xie, Zhixin, Lisa K. Johansen, Adam M. Gustafson, Kristin D. Kasschau,
    Andrew D.  Lellis, Daniel Zilberman, Steven E. Jacobsen, and James C. Carrington.
    “Genetic and Functional Diversification of Small RNA Pathways in Plants.” <i>PLoS
    Biology</i>. Public Library of Science, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104</a>.
  ieee: Z. Xie <i>et al.</i>, “Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA
    pathways in plants,” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 2, no. 5. Public Library of Science,
    pp. 0642–0652, 2004.
  ista: Xie Z, Johansen LK, Gustafson AM, Kasschau KD, Lellis AD, Zilberman D, Jacobsen
    SE, Carrington JC. 2004. Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways
    in plants. PLoS Biology. 2(5), 0642–0652.
  mla: Xie, Zhixin, et al. “Genetic and Functional Diversification of Small RNA Pathways
    in Plants.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 2, no. 5, Public Library of Science, 2004,
    pp. 0642–52, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104">10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104</a>.
  short: Z. Xie, L.K. Johansen, A.M. Gustafson, K.D. Kasschau, A.D. Lellis, D. Zilberman,
    S.E. Jacobsen, J.C. Carrington, PLoS Biology 2 (2004) 0642–0652.
date_created: 2021-06-07T14:12:08Z
date_published: 2004-02-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T08:43:57Z
day: '24'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15024409'
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 0642-0652
pmid: 1
publication: PLoS Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1545-7885
  issn:
  - 1544-9173
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 2
year: '2004'
...