---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Parasitism creates selection for resistance mechanisms in host populations and
    is hypothesized to promote increased host evolvability. However, the influence
    of these traits on host evolution when parasites are no longer present is unclear.
    We used experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing of Escherichia coli
    to determine the effects of past and present exposure to parasitic viruses (phages)
    on the spread of mutator alleles, resistance, and bacterial competitive fitness.
    We found that mutator alleles spread rapidly during adaptation to any of four
    different phage species, and this pattern was even more pronounced with multiple
    phages present simultaneously. However, hypermutability did not detectably accelerate
    adaptation in the absence of phages and recovery of fitness costs associated with
    resistance. Several lineages evolved phage resistance through elevated mucoidy,
    and during subsequent evolution in phage-free conditions they rapidly reverted
    to nonmucoid, phage-susceptible phenotypes. Genome sequencing revealed that this
    phenotypic reversion was achieved by additional genetic changes rather than by
    genotypic reversion of the initial resistance mutations. Insertion sequence (IS)
    elements played a key role in both the acquisition of resistance and adaptation
    in the absence of parasites; unlike single nucleotide polymorphisms, IS insertions
    were not more frequent in mutator lineages. Our results provide a genetic explanation
    for rapid reversion of mucoidy, a phenotype observed in other bacterial species
    including human pathogens. Moreover, this demonstrates that the types of genetic
    change underlying adaptation to fitness costs, and consequently the impact of
    evolvability mechanisms such as increased point-mutation rates, depend critically
    on the mechanism of resistance.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Sébastien
      foaf_name: Wielgoss, Sébastien
      foaf_surname: Wielgoss
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Tobias
      foaf_name: Bergmiller, Tobias
      foaf_surname: Bergmiller
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=2C471CFA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
    orcid: 0000-0001-5396-4346
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Anna M.
      foaf_name: Bischofberger, Anna M.
      foaf_surname: Bischofberger
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Alex R.
      foaf_name: Hall, Alex R.
      foaf_surname: Hall
  bibo_doi: 10.5061/dryad.cj910
  dct_date: 2015^xs_gYear
  dct_publisher: Dryad@
  dct_title: 'Data from: Adaptation to parasites and costs of parasite resistance
    in mutator and non-mutator bacteria@'
...