An oscillatory plug flow photoreactor facilitates semi-heterogeneous dual nickel/carbon nitride photocatalytic C–N couplings
Rosso C, Gisbertz S, Williams JD, Gemoets HPL, Debrouwer W, Pieber B, Kappe CO. 2020. An oscillatory plug flow photoreactor facilitates semi-heterogeneous dual nickel/carbon nitride photocatalytic C–N couplings. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering. 5(3), 597–604.
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Journal Article
| Published
| English
Scopus indexed
Author
Rosso, Cristian;
Gisbertz, Sebastian;
Williams, Jason D.;
Gemoets, Hannes P. L.;
Debrouwer, Wouter;
Pieber, BartholomäusISTA
;
Kappe, C. Oliver
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Abstract
Carbon nitride materials have emerged as an efficient and sustainable class of heterogeneous photocatalysts, particularly when paired with nickel in dual catalytic cross-coupling reactions. Performing these transformations on larger scales using a continuous process is difficult due to the problems associated with handling solids in flow. By combining an oscillatory pump with a microstructured plug flow photoreactor, a stable suspension of the photocatalyst can be maintained, circumventing clogging of the reactor channels. Through careful tuning of the oscillator properties, the residence time distribution (RTD) was optimized, whilst maintaining a stable catalyst suspension. Short residence times (20 min) were achieved using optimized conditions and the recyclability of the photocatalyst was demonstrated over 10 cycles with no loss of activity. During a stable 4.5 hour scale-out demonstration, the model substrate could be isolated on 12 g scale (90% yield, 2.67 g h−1). Moreover, the method was applied for the gram scale synthesis of an intermediate of the active pharmaceutical ingredient tetracaine.
Publishing Year
Date Published
2020-03-01
Journal Title
Reaction Chemistry and Engineering
Volume
5
Issue
3
Page
597-604
eISSN
IST-REx-ID
Cite this
Rosso C, Gisbertz S, Williams JD, et al. An oscillatory plug flow photoreactor facilitates semi-heterogeneous dual nickel/carbon nitride photocatalytic C–N couplings. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering. 2020;5(3):597-604. doi:10.1039/d0re00036a
Rosso, C., Gisbertz, S., Williams, J. D., Gemoets, H. P. L., Debrouwer, W., Pieber, B., & Kappe, C. O. (2020). An oscillatory plug flow photoreactor facilitates semi-heterogeneous dual nickel/carbon nitride photocatalytic C–N couplings. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0re00036a
Rosso, Cristian, Sebastian Gisbertz, Jason D. Williams, Hannes P. L. Gemoets, Wouter Debrouwer, Bartholomäus Pieber, and C. Oliver Kappe. “An Oscillatory Plug Flow Photoreactor Facilitates Semi-Heterogeneous Dual Nickel/Carbon Nitride Photocatalytic C–N Couplings.” Reaction Chemistry and Engineering. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0re00036a.
C. Rosso et al., “An oscillatory plug flow photoreactor facilitates semi-heterogeneous dual nickel/carbon nitride photocatalytic C–N couplings,” Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, vol. 5, no. 3. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 597–604, 2020.
Rosso C, Gisbertz S, Williams JD, Gemoets HPL, Debrouwer W, Pieber B, Kappe CO. 2020. An oscillatory plug flow photoreactor facilitates semi-heterogeneous dual nickel/carbon nitride photocatalytic C–N couplings. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering. 5(3), 597–604.
Rosso, Cristian, et al. “An Oscillatory Plug Flow Photoreactor Facilitates Semi-Heterogeneous Dual Nickel/Carbon Nitride Photocatalytic C–N Couplings.” Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, vol. 5, no. 3, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020, pp. 597–604, doi:10.1039/d0re00036a.
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