Importance and vulnerability of the world’s water towers
Immerzeel WW, Lutz AF, Andrade M, Bahl A, Biemans H, Bolch T, Hyde S, Brumby S, Davies BJ, Elmore AC, Emmer A, Feng M, Fernández A, Haritashya U, Kargel JS, Koppes M, Kraaijenbrink PDA, Kulkarni AV, Mayewski PA, Nepal S, Pacheco P, Painter TH, Pellicciotti F, Rajaram H, Rupper S, Sinisalo A, Shrestha AB, Viviroli D, Wada Y, Xiao C, Yao T, Baillie JEM. 2020. Importance and vulnerability of the world’s water towers. Nature. 577(7790), 364–369.
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Journal Article
| Published
| English
Scopus indexed
Author
Immerzeel, W. W.;
Lutz, A. F.;
Andrade, M.;
Bahl, A.;
Biemans, H.;
Bolch, T.;
Hyde, S.;
Brumby, S.;
Davies, B. J.;
Elmore, A. C.;
Emmer, A.;
Feng, M.
All
All
Abstract
Mountains are the water towers of the world, supplying a substantial part of both natural and anthropogenic water demands1,2. They are highly sensitive and prone to climate change3,4, yet their importance and vulnerability have not been quantified at the global scale. Here we present a global water tower index (WTI), which ranks all water towers in terms of their water-supplying role and the downstream dependence of ecosystems and society. For each water tower, we assess its vulnerability related to water stress, governance, hydropolitical tension and future climatic and socio-economic changes. We conclude that the most important (highest WTI) water towers are also among the most vulnerable, and that climatic and socio-economic changes will affect them profoundly. This could negatively impact 1.9 billion people living in (0.3 billion) or directly downstream of (1.6 billion) mountainous areas. Immediate action is required to safeguard the future of the world’s most important and vulnerable water towers.
Publishing Year
Date Published
2020-01-16
Journal Title
Nature
Volume
577
Issue
7790
Page
364-369
ISSN
eISSN
IST-REx-ID
Cite this
Immerzeel WW, Lutz AF, Andrade M, et al. Importance and vulnerability of the world’s water towers. Nature. 2020;577(7790):364-369. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1822-y
Immerzeel, W. W., Lutz, A. F., Andrade, M., Bahl, A., Biemans, H., Bolch, T., … Baillie, J. E. M. (2020). Importance and vulnerability of the world’s water towers. Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1822-y
Immerzeel, W. W., A. F. Lutz, M. Andrade, A. Bahl, H. Biemans, T. Bolch, S. Hyde, et al. “Importance and Vulnerability of the World’s Water Towers.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1822-y.
W. W. Immerzeel et al., “Importance and vulnerability of the world’s water towers,” Nature, vol. 577, no. 7790. Springer Nature, pp. 364–369, 2020.
Immerzeel WW, Lutz AF, Andrade M, Bahl A, Biemans H, Bolch T, Hyde S, Brumby S, Davies BJ, Elmore AC, Emmer A, Feng M, Fernández A, Haritashya U, Kargel JS, Koppes M, Kraaijenbrink PDA, Kulkarni AV, Mayewski PA, Nepal S, Pacheco P, Painter TH, Pellicciotti F, Rajaram H, Rupper S, Sinisalo A, Shrestha AB, Viviroli D, Wada Y, Xiao C, Yao T, Baillie JEM. 2020. Importance and vulnerability of the world’s water towers. Nature. 577(7790), 364–369.
Immerzeel, W. W., et al. “Importance and Vulnerability of the World’s Water Towers.” Nature, vol. 577, no. 7790, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 364–69, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1822-y.
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