Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4
Nelson E, Brammer G, Giménez-Arteaga C, Oesch PA, Naidu RP, Übler H, Matharu J, Shapley AE, Whitaker KE, Wisnioski E, Förster Schreiber NM, Smit R, Van Dokkum P, Chisholm J, Endsley R, Hartley AI, Gibson J, Giovinazzo E, Illingworth G, Labbe I, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Covelo Paz A, Price SH, Reddy NA, Shivaei I, Weibel A, Wuyts S, Xiao M, Alberts S, Baker WM, Bunker AJ, Cameron AJ, Charlot S, Eisenstein DJ, De Graaff A, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Jones GC, Maiolino R, Robertson B, Sandles L, Suess KA, Tacchella S, Williams CC, Witstok J. 2024. Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 976(2), L27.
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Author
Nelson, Erica;
Brammer, Gabriel;
Giménez-Arteaga, Clara;
Oesch, Pascal A.;
Naidu, Rohan P.;
Übler, Hannah;
Matharu, Jasleen;
Shapley, Alice E.;
Whitaker, Katherine E.;
Wisnioski, Emily;
Förster Schreiber, Natascha M.;
Smit, Renske
All
All
Department
Abstract
With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields Vrot = 305 ± 70 km s−1, and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of re = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, (math formula). This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within re. We also observe that the radial Hα equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to re. Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe.
Publishing Year
Date Published
2024-12-01
Journal Title
Astrophysical Journal Letters
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Acknowledgement
We thank the reviewer and editorial staff for their excellent feedback and effort—the manuscript is much stronger as a result. Support for this work was provided by NASA through grant JWST-GO-01895 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. H.Ü. gratefully acknowledges support by the Isaac Newton Trust and by the Kavli Foundation through a Newton-Kavli Junior Fellowship. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract No. MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. R.S. acknowledges an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (ST/S004831/1). R.P.N. acknowledges support for this work provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. M.V.M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation via AAG grant 2205519 and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation via grant MSN251397. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society. A.J.B., A.J.C., and G.C.J. acknowledge funding from the "FirstGalaxies" Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 789056). I.L. acknowledges support by the Australian Research Council through Future Fellowship FT220100798. D.J.E. is supported as a Simons Investigator and by a JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015. R.M., J.W., L.S., and W.B. acknowledge support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the ERC through advanced grant 695671 "QUENCH," and the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. B.E.R. acknowledges support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The HST and JWST image mosaics of the FRESCO fields are released at MAST as a High Level Science Product (P. Oesch & D. Magee 2023).
Volume
976
Issue
2
Article Number
L27
ISSN
eISSN
IST-REx-ID
Cite this
Nelson E, Brammer G, Giménez-Arteaga C, et al. Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2024;976(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17
Nelson, E., Brammer, G., Giménez-Arteaga, C., Oesch, P. A., Naidu, R. P., Übler, H., … Witstok, J. (2024). Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17
Nelson, Erica, Gabriel Brammer, Clara Giménez-Arteaga, Pascal A. Oesch, Rohan P. Naidu, Hannah Übler, Jasleen Matharu, et al. “Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4.” Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17.
E. Nelson et al., “Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4,” Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 976, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2024.
Nelson E, Brammer G, Giménez-Arteaga C, Oesch PA, Naidu RP, Übler H, Matharu J, Shapley AE, Whitaker KE, Wisnioski E, Förster Schreiber NM, Smit R, Van Dokkum P, Chisholm J, Endsley R, Hartley AI, Gibson J, Giovinazzo E, Illingworth G, Labbe I, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Covelo Paz A, Price SH, Reddy NA, Shivaei I, Weibel A, Wuyts S, Xiao M, Alberts S, Baker WM, Bunker AJ, Cameron AJ, Charlot S, Eisenstein DJ, De Graaff A, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Jones GC, Maiolino R, Robertson B, Sandles L, Suess KA, Tacchella S, Williams CC, Witstok J. 2024. Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 976(2), L27.
Nelson, Erica, et al. “Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4.” Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 976, no. 2, L27, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17.
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