Certificates in AI: Learn but verify
Barrett C, Henzinger TA, Seshia SA. 2026. Certificates in AI: Learn but verify. Communications of the ACM. 69(1), 66–75.
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Author
Barrett, Clark;
Henzinger, Thomas AISTA 
;
Seshia, Sanjit A.
;
Seshia, Sanjit A.Corresponding author has ISTA affiliation
Department
Abstract
In certifiable machine learning, AI systems produce not only results but also verifiable certificates that the results can be trusted.
Publishing Year
Date Published
2026-01-01
Journal Title
Communications of the ACM
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
Acknowledgement
T.A.H. thanks Đorde Žikelic for many stimulating discussions about CML. This work was supported in part by NSFCPS Frontier Grant 1545126, by a BAIR Commons project, by the Berkeley iCy-Phy Center, by the Stanford Center for Automated Reasoning, and by the ERC Advanced Grant 101020093.
Volume
69
Issue
1
Page
66-75
ISSN
eISSN
IST-REx-ID
Cite this
Barrett C, Henzinger TA, Seshia SA. Certificates in AI: Learn but verify. Communications of the ACM. 2026;69(1):66-75. doi:10.1145/3737447
Barrett, C., Henzinger, T. A., & Seshia, S. A. (2026). Certificates in AI: Learn but verify. Communications of the ACM. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3737447
Barrett, Clark, Thomas A Henzinger, and Sanjit A. Seshia. “Certificates in AI: Learn but Verify.” Communications of the ACM. Association for Computing Machinery, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1145/3737447.
C. Barrett, T. A. Henzinger, and S. A. Seshia, “Certificates in AI: Learn but verify,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 69, no. 1. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 66–75, 2026.
Barrett C, Henzinger TA, Seshia SA. 2026. Certificates in AI: Learn but verify. Communications of the ACM. 69(1), 66–75.
Barrett, Clark, et al. “Certificates in AI: Learn but Verify.” Communications of the ACM, vol. 69, no. 1, Association for Computing Machinery, 2026, pp. 66–75, doi:10.1145/3737447.
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