On-chip tuning of superconductivity in fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation
Shchukin KP, Gallego Lacey ON, Coquinot B, Jakowski J, Huang J, Staudenmayer P, Falke Y, Pandeya RP, Grüneis A. 2026. On-chip tuning of superconductivity in fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation. ACS Nano. 20(24), 17360–17372.
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Author
Shchukin, Konstantin P.;
Gallego Lacey, Oliver N.;
Coquinot, BaptisteISTA 
;
Jakowski, Jacek;
Huang, Jingsong;
Staudenmayer, Patrik;
Falke, Yannic;
Pandeya, Ram Prakash;
Grüneis, Alexander
;
Jakowski, Jacek;
Huang, Jingsong;
Staudenmayer, Patrik;
Falke, Yannic;
Pandeya, Ram Prakash;
Grüneis, AlexanderDepartment
Abstract
An in-operando electro-intercalation method for the on-chip synthesis of alkali-metal-intercalated materials and their Raman spectroscopic and transport characterization in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is developed. We apply this method to synthesize fulleride superconductors via Rb+ intercalation into a C60 film. During the intercalation, we monitor the stoichiometry via UHV-Raman spectroscopy and probe superconductivity via transport measurements. An increase of the superconducting transition temperature from 7.0 K to 14.5 K is observed when the stoichiometry is tuned from Rb2.7C60 to Rb3C60. In our experiment, an ionic Rb+ flux into the host material is induced by an applied electronic current via a Butler–Volmer-type mechanism. Electro-intercalation captivates through improved stoichiometric precision, the ability to smoothly vary stoichiometry via duration of current application, and the absence of a lower limit of the volume of the host material. It represents a powerful concept for the on-chip synthesis of intercalated materials, battery research, and beyond.
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Publishing Year
Date Published
2026-06-23
Journal Title
ACS Nano
Publisher
American Chemical Society
Acknowledgement
A.G. and K.P.S. acknowledge the DFG through CRC 1238 (277146847, A01) and DFG project SE 2575. K.P.S., P.S., and A.G. would like to thank the Center for Micro- and Nanostructures (ZMNS) for providing the cleanroom facilities. K.P.S. thanks Daniele Nazari for help with ALD of Al2O3 films. Financial support from FFG Austria (CrystalGate) is acknowledged. A.G. thanks John Weaver for discussions about the structure of RbxC60. B.C. acknowledges support from the NOMIS Foundation. First-principles simulations were supported as part of user project CNMS2025-R-03182 at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. J.J. and J.H. acknowledge the computational resources provided by the ACCESS (Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support) program through allocation TG-DMR110037; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, through NERSC award BES-ERCAP0031261; and the Compute and Data Environment for Science (CADES) Baseline at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. The authors acknowledge TU Wien Bibliothek for financial support through its Open access funding provided by Technische Universitat Wien.
Volume
20
Issue
24
Page
17360-17372
ISSN
eISSN
IST-REx-ID
Cite this
Shchukin KP, Gallego Lacey ON, Coquinot B, et al. On-chip tuning of superconductivity in fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation. ACS Nano. 2026;20(24):17360-17372. doi:10.1021/acsnano.6c02466
Shchukin, K. P., Gallego Lacey, O. N., Coquinot, B., Jakowski, J., Huang, J., Staudenmayer, P., … Grüneis, A. (2026). On-chip tuning of superconductivity in fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation. ACS Nano. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c02466
Shchukin, Konstantin P., Oliver N. Gallego Lacey, Baptiste Coquinot, Jacek Jakowski, Jingsong Huang, Patrik Staudenmayer, Yannic Falke, Ram Prakash Pandeya, and Alexander Grüneis. “On-Chip Tuning of Superconductivity in Fullerides via Current-Driven Rb+ Intercalation.” ACS Nano. American Chemical Society, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c02466.
K. P. Shchukin et al., “On-chip tuning of superconductivity in fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation,” ACS Nano, vol. 20, no. 24. American Chemical Society, pp. 17360–17372, 2026.
Shchukin KP, Gallego Lacey ON, Coquinot B, Jakowski J, Huang J, Staudenmayer P, Falke Y, Pandeya RP, Grüneis A. 2026. On-chip tuning of superconductivity in fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation. ACS Nano. 20(24), 17360–17372.
Shchukin, Konstantin P., et al. “On-Chip Tuning of Superconductivity in Fullerides via Current-Driven Rb+ Intercalation.” ACS Nano, vol. 20, no. 24, American Chemical Society, 2026, pp. 17360–72, doi:10.1021/acsnano.6c02466.
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