STROBE: Streaming Threshold Random Beacons

Beaver D, Kelkar M, Lewi K, Nikolaenko V, Sonnino A, Chalkias K, Kokoris Kogias E, Naurois LD, Roy A. 2023. STROBE: Streaming Threshold Random Beacons. 5th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies. AFT: Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, LIPIcs, vol. 282, 7.

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Conference Paper | Published | English

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Author
Beaver, Donald; Kelkar, Mahimna; Lewi, Kevin; Nikolaenko, Valeria; Sonnino, Alberto; Chalkias, Konstantinos; Kokoris Kogias, LefterisISTA; Naurois, Ladi De; Roy, Arnab
Department
Series Title
LIPIcs
Abstract
We revisit decentralized random beacons with a focus on practical distributed applications. Decentralized random beacons (Beaver and So, Eurocrypt'93) provide the functionality for n parties to generate an unpredictable sequence of bits in a way that cannot be biased, which is useful for any decentralized protocol requiring trusted randomness. Existing beacon constructions are highly inefficient in practical settings where protocol parties need to rejoin after crashes or disconnections, and more significantly where smart contracts may rely on arbitrary index points in high-volume streams. For this, we introduce a new notion of history-generating decentralized random beacons (HGDRBs). Roughly, the history-generation property of HGDRBs allows for previous beacon outputs to be efficiently generated knowing only the current value and the public key. At application layers, history-generation supports registering a sparser set of on-chain values if desired, so that apps like lotteries can utilize on-chain values without incurring high-frequency costs, enjoying all the benefits of DRBs implemented off-chain or with decoupled, special-purpose chains. Unlike rollups, HG is tailored specifically to recovering and verifying pseudorandom bit sequences and thus enjoys unique optimizations investigated in this work. We introduce STROBE: an efficient HGDRB construction which generalizes the original squaring-based RSA approach of Beaver and So. STROBE enjoys several useful properties that make it suited for practical applications that use beacons: 1) history-generating: it can regenerate and verify high-throughput beacon streams, supporting sparse (thus cost-effective) ledger entries; 2) concisely self-verifying: NIZK-free, with state and validation employing a single ring element; 3) eco-friendly: stake-based rather than work based; 4) unbounded: refresh-free, addressing limitations of Beaver and So; 5) delay-free: results are immediately available. 6) storage-efficient: the last beacon suffices to derive all past outputs, thus O(1) storage requirements for nodes serving the whole history.
Publishing Year
Date Published
2023-10-01
Proceedings Title
5th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies
Acknowledgement
Work done when all the authors were at Novi Research, Meta.
Volume
282
Article Number
7
Conference
AFT: Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies
Conference Location
Princeton, NJ, United States
Conference Date
2023-10-23 – 2023-10-25
ISSN
IST-REx-ID

Cite this

Beaver D, Kelkar M, Lewi K, et al. STROBE: Streaming Threshold Random Beacons. In: 5th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies. Vol 282. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2023. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2023.7
Beaver, D., Kelkar, M., Lewi, K., Nikolaenko, V., Sonnino, A., Chalkias, K., … Roy, A. (2023). STROBE: Streaming Threshold Random Beacons. In 5th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (Vol. 282). Princeton, NJ, United States: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2023.7
Beaver, Donald, Mahimna Kelkar, Kevin Lewi, Valeria Nikolaenko, Alberto Sonnino, Konstantinos Chalkias, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Ladi De Naurois, and Arnab Roy. “STROBE: Streaming Threshold Random Beacons.” In 5th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, Vol. 282. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2023. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2023.7.
D. Beaver et al., “STROBE: Streaming Threshold Random Beacons,” in 5th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, Princeton, NJ, United States, 2023, vol. 282.
Beaver D, Kelkar M, Lewi K, Nikolaenko V, Sonnino A, Chalkias K, Kokoris Kogias E, Naurois LD, Roy A. 2023. STROBE: Streaming Threshold Random Beacons. 5th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies. AFT: Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, LIPIcs, vol. 282, 7.
Beaver, Donald, et al. “STROBE: Streaming Threshold Random Beacons.” 5th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, vol. 282, 7, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2023, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2023.7.
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