Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research

Lauwereyns, Jan; Bajramovic, Jeffrey; Bert, Bettina; Camenzind, Samuel; De Kock, Joery; Elezović, Alisa; Erden, Sevilay; Gonzalez-Uarquin, Fernando; Ulman, Yesim Isil; Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett; Kitsara, Maria; Kostomitsopoulos, Nikolaos; Neuhaus, Winfried; Petit-Demouliere, Benoit; Pollo, Simone; Riso, Brígida; Schober, Sophie; Sotiropoulos, Athanassia; Thomas, Aurélie; Vitale, Augusto; Wilflingseder, Doris; Ahluwalia, Arti

Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research

Lauwereyns J, Bajramovic J, Bert B, Camenzind S, De Kock J, Elezović A, Erden S, Gonzalez-Uarquin F, Ulman YI, Hoffmann OI, Kitsara M, Kostomitsopoulos N, Neuhaus W, Petit-Demouliere B, Pollo S, Riso B, Schober S, Sotiropoulos A, Thomas A, Vitale A, Wilflingseder D, Ahluwalia A. 2024. Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research. Lab Animal. 53, 347–350.

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DOI

10.1038/s41684-024-01476-2

Journal Article | Published | English

Scopus indexed

Author

Lauwereyns, Jan; Bajramovic, Jeffrey; Bert, Bettina; Camenzind, Samuel; De Kock, Joery; Elezović, Alisa; Erden, Sevilay; Gonzalez-Uarquin, Fernando; Ulman, Yesim Isil; Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett; Kitsara, Maria; Kostomitsopoulos, Nikolaos
All

Department

Pre-Clinical Facility

Abstract

Many scientific breakthroughs have depended on animal research, yet the ethical concerns surrounding the use of animals in experimentation have long prompted discussions about humane treatment and responsible scientific practice. First articulated by Russell and Burch, the 3Rs Principles of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement have gained widespread recognition as basic guidelines for animal research. Over time, the 3Rs have transcended the research community, influencing policy decisions, animal welfare advocacy and public perception of animal experimentation. Despite their broad acceptance, interpretations of the 3Rs vary substantially, shaping statutory frameworks at various levels, with both technical and practical impacts.

Publishing Year

2024

Date Published

2024-12-01

Journal Title

Lab Animal

Publisher

Springer Nature

Acknowledgement

This publication is based upon work from the Ethics Crossover Group within the COST Action IMPROVE (“3Rs concepts to improve the quality of biomedical science”), CA21139, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). We acknowledge the input and advice from Dr. Susanna Louhimies.

Volume

Page

347-350

ISSN

0093-7355

eISSN

1548-4475

IST-REx-ID

18587

Cite this

Lauwereyns J, Bajramovic J, Bert B, et al. Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research. Lab Animal. 2024;53:347-350. doi:10.1038/s41684-024-01476-2

Lauwereyns, J., Bajramovic, J., Bert, B., Camenzind, S., De Kock, J., Elezović, A., … Ahluwalia, A. (2024). Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research. Lab Animal. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41684-024-01476-2

Lauwereyns, Jan, Jeffrey Bajramovic, Bettina Bert, Samuel Camenzind, Joery De Kock, Alisa Elezović, Sevilay Erden, et al. “Toward a Common Interpretation of the 3Rs Principles in Animal Research.” Lab Animal. Springer Nature, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41684-024-01476-2.

J. Lauwereyns et al., “Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research,” Lab Animal, vol. 53. Springer Nature, pp. 347–350, 2024.

Lauwereyns, Jan, et al. “Toward a Common Interpretation of the 3Rs Principles in Animal Research.” Lab Animal, vol. 53, Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 347–50, doi:10.1038/s41684-024-01476-2.

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