Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions
Kalinin N, Shkolnikov M. 2020. Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 378(9), 1649–1675.
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Kalinin, Nikita;
Shkolnikov, MikhailISTA 
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Abstract
Let 𝐹:ℤ2→ℤ be the pointwise minimum of several linear functions. The theory of smoothing allows us to prove that under certain conditions there exists the pointwise minimal function among all integer-valued superharmonic functions coinciding with F “at infinity”. We develop such a theory to prove existence of so-called solitons (or strings) in a sandpile model, studied by S. Caracciolo, G. Paoletti, and A. Sportiello. Thus we made a step towards understanding the phenomena of the identity in the sandpile group for planar domains where solitons appear according to experiments. We prove that sandpile states, defined using our smoothing procedure, move changeless when we apply the wave operator (that is why we call them solitons), and can interact, forming triads and nodes.
Publishing Year
Date Published
2020-09-01
Journal Title
Communications in Mathematical Physics
Publisher
Springer Nature
Acknowledgement
We thank Andrea Sportiello for sharing his insights on perturbative regimes of the Abelian sandpile model which was the starting point of our work. We also thank Grigory Mikhalkin, who encouraged us to approach this problem. We thank an anonymous referee. Also we thank Misha Khristoforov and Sergey Lanzat who participated on the initial state of this project, when we had nothing except the computer simulation and pictures. We thank Mikhail Raskin for providing us the code on Golly for faster simulations. Ilia Zharkov, Ilia Itenberg, Kristin Shaw, Max Karev, Lionel Levine, Ernesto Lupercio, Pavol Ševera, Yulieth Prieto, Michael Polyak, Danila Cherkashin asked us a lot of questions and listened to us; not all of their questions found answers here, but we are going to treat them in subsequent papers.
Volume
378
Issue
9
Page
1649-1675
ISSN
eISSN
IST-REx-ID
Cite this
Kalinin N, Shkolnikov M. Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 2020;378(9):1649-1675. doi:10.1007/s00220-020-03828-8
Kalinin, N., & Shkolnikov, M. (2020). Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions. Communications in Mathematical Physics. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-020-03828-8
Kalinin, Nikita, and Mikhail Shkolnikov. “Sandpile Solitons via Smoothing of Superharmonic Functions.” Communications in Mathematical Physics. Springer Nature, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-020-03828-8.
N. Kalinin and M. Shkolnikov, “Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions,” Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 378, no. 9. Springer Nature, pp. 1649–1675, 2020.
Kalinin N, Shkolnikov M. 2020. Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 378(9), 1649–1675.
Kalinin, Nikita, and Mikhail Shkolnikov. “Sandpile Solitons via Smoothing of Superharmonic Functions.” Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 378, no. 9, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 1649–75, doi:10.1007/s00220-020-03828-8.
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